Transcript Unit 11 Respiratory System

Unit 11: The Respiratory System
Warm up
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Draw what you know of the
respiratory system
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Start with the mouth and end with the
diaphragm
Respiratory System Physiology
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Respiration is the exchange of
gases between the atmosphere,
blood, and cells.
Respiration also helps adjust the pH
of body fluids.
Respiratory System Anatomy
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Upper respiratory
system:
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Nose
Pharynx = throat
Lower Respiratory
system:
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Larynx = voicebox
Trachea = windpipe
Bronchi = airways
Lungs
Respiratory System Careers
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Otorhinolaryngology is a doctor
who deals with the diagnosis and
treatment of diseases of the ears,
nose, and throat. (More commonly
called an ear, nose, and throat
doctor
Pulmonologist is a specialist in the
diagnosis and treatment of diseases
of the lungs
Rhinoplasty
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Rhinoplasty (“nose job”) is a surgical
procedure in which the structure of the
external nose is altered for cosmetic or
functional reasons (fracture or septal
repair)
Procedure
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local and general anesthetic
nasal cartilage is reshaped through nostrils
bones fractured and repositioned
internal packing & splint while healing
The Structures of Voice Production
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True vocal cord contains both
skeletal muscle and an elastic
ligament.
Made of 10 small muscles and
ligaments.
The tighter the ligament, the higher
the pitch
To increase volume of sound, push
air harder
Trachea
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The windpipe
Size is 5 in long
& 1 in diameter
Extends from
larynx down to
the lungs where
it splits into two
bronchi
Bronchi and Bronchioles
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As the bronchi enter the lungs, they branch off
into smaller tubes called bronchioles
Alveoli
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An alveolus (plural is
alveoli) is a cupshaped pouch filled
with fluid called
surfactant.
This is where oxygen
and carbon dioxide
enter and leave the
blood from the
capillaries.
Blood Supply to the Lungs
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Deoxygenated
blood enters the
lungs through the
pulmonary artery
(from the heart)
Oxygenated blood
is returned to the
heart through the
pulmonary veins
Step 1: Pulmonary Ventilation
=Breathing
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Inhalation, or
breathing in, is the
first step.
Lungs expand
through muscle
contraction, which
increases lung
volume and
decreases pressure
inside the lungs
Lungs then fill with
air
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Expiration
(exhalation) is the
movement of air
out of the lungs.
No muscle
contractions are
involved, this is a
passive process
Breathing Patterns
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Eupnea is normal variation in breathing rate and
depth.
Apnea refers to breath holding.
Dyspnea relates to painful or difficult breathing.
Tachypnea involves rapid breathing rate.
Costal breathing is shallow breathing where the
chest moves up and down.
Diaphragmatic breathing is deep abdominal
breathing.
Modified respiratory movements are used to
express emotions such as laughing, sighing, and
sobbing; or coughing and hiccupping.
Part 2: External (pulmonary) respiration
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The exchange of O2 and CO2
between the alveoli and the blood
occurs via passive diffusion.
The gases flow from where they are
MORE concentrated to where they
are LESS concentrated.
Step 3 = Internal Respiration
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Exchange of gases
between blood &
tissues
Conversion of
oxygenated blood
into deoxygenated
Oxygen moves
from the blood in
capillaries to cells
and tissues.
CO2 leave cells and
tissues and enters
veins.
Oxygen Transport
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In 100 ml of oxygenated blood
 1.5% of the O2 is dissolved in the plasma
98.5% is carried within RBC, which have
hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin consists of a protein portion
called globin and a pigment called heme.
The heme portion contains 4 atoms of iron,
each capable of combining with a molecule
of oxygen.
Carbon Dioxide Transport
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Is carried by the blood in
3 ways
 7% in plasma
 23% combined with
globin
 70% as bicarbonate
ions in plasma
Disease and Disorder Chart
Name
Smoking
Aging
Asthma
Emphysema
Chronic
Bronchitis
Lung Cancer
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Cystic fibrosis
Influenza
Asbestos
Cause
Symptoms
Susceptibility
Treatment
Prognosis
Theater performance
1. Create and perform (live) a skit, play, infomercial,
etc. minimum 90 seconds and maximum of 5
minutes that relates to the respiratory system
2. Each group will be assigned a disease or disorder
3. Write a 4 paragraph essay:
– The anatomy of the respiratory system
– The physiology of your respiratory system
– How the respiratory system contributes to
homeostasis
– How YOUR project shows the structure and function
of respiratory system
4. Everyone will present! Due next class period.