Transcript The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System
By: Lindsey Fischer
and
Danielle Frezza
Why is breathing important to
staying alive?
• You can only live for a few minutes without
air. We need air to survive, because it
contains oxygen. Oxygen is a gas which
our bodies need to maintain life.
What does smoking do to your
respiratory system?
• Smoking can cause many problems in
your respiratory system. Bronchitis,
emphysema, and lung cancer can be
caused by smoking. Also, smoking can
destroy your alveoli.
What is the Respiratory
System?
• It controls all of your breathing.
• Consists of organs that provide the body
with continuous supply of oxygen and
remove all carbon dioxide from body.
• Lungs are most important organs
Parts of Respiratory System
• Mouth and nose - air
enters through them
• Epiglottis –flap of tissue
that closes over trachea
when you swallow
• Larynx –contains vocal
cords
• Bronchi –passageways
for air to enter the lungs.
• Throat- Two
passageways. One for
air, and one for food
• Trachea –directs air to
lungs
• Lungs –oxygen is
transferred into blood and
carbon dioxide is taken
away
• Diaphragm –Large domeshaped muscle that
separates lungs from
abdomen.
• Alveoli –Clusters of
microscopic air sacs in
lungs. Sacs at ends of
smallest branches of
bronchi.
How does Respiratory System
Work?
• Two important jobs
1.Supplies oxygen to blood
– Oxygen carried to all cells in body
– Combines with nutrients to provide energy
2.Removes carbon dioxide from blood
--Releases it outside body
How does breathing work?
• Two actions-inhaling and exhaling
Inhaling
-Bring in air from outside through nose and mouth
-Diaphragm contracts and moves down
- Ribs move out and up increasing size of chest cavity
Exhaling
-Contains more carbon dioxide and less oxygen than air you
inhale
-Release air to outside and carbon dioxide
-Diaphragm relaxes and moves up into chest cavity
-Ribs move in and down making chest cavity smaller
Lungs
• Consist of microscopic air sacs called
alveoli
• In alveoli carbon dioxide and oxygen is
exchanged
• Oxygen goes into blood and carbon
dioxide is taken away
Exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide with circulatory and
respiratory system
• Pulmonary arteries and capillaries (circulatory
system) take blood containing carbon dioxide
from heart to lungs
• Carbon dioxide passes from blood to alveoli
• In alveoli it’s exchanged for oxygen
• Oxygen passes into capillaries
• Picked up by blood and carried back to heart
through pulmonary veins (circulatory)
Problems of Respiratory System
• Common site of infection
• Many germs enter nose and mouth
Diseases or Disorders
• Flu/cold- caused by
virus; cough, runny
nose, aches, fever
• Tuberculosis-bacterial
lung infection. Dry
cough earlier, then chest
pains
• Allergies-Caused by
reaction to substances
• Pneumonia-Lung
infection by bacteria or
virus
• Bed rest and fluids Flu
vaccine prevents some
kinds
• Medication
• Antihistamines may
relieve symptoms. Avoid
substances
• Antibiotics for bacterial
kind; bed rest for viral
kind
Diseases or Disorders
• Bronchitis-swelling of
bronchi due to infection
• Asthma-Bronchial
swelling and blockage
• Emphysema-Alveoli
destroyed difficult to
breath, fatal
• Lung Cancer-Alveoli
destroyed. Caused by
smoking
• No cure. After time
symptoms disappear.
• No cure. Medications
reduce swelling
• No cure. Pure oxygen
eases breathing
• Surgery, radiation,
chemotherapy. Low
survival rate.