Transcript inv5homeostasis - Falco-Mexicanus

Homeostasis
By: Sarah Berger and Shay
Dite
What is Homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a
stable environment.
 It prevents us from getting sick all the time.
 It keeps us warm in cold temperature.
 It maintains species.
 Homeostasis is necessary in the smallest
single cell organisms, to the biggest
whale.
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Why is Homeostasis Important?
Without it, waste wouldn’t be removed,
 Nutrients wouldn’t be delivered,
 Oxygen wouldn’t be received,
 Our temperature would be abnormal,
 pH levels wouldn’t regulate.
 Without homeostasis, nothing would live.
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Cellular Homeostasis
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Cells maintain homeostasis.
Cellular homeostasis means that everything in the cell is
working properly.
The cell membrane is the main aspect to this conjecture.
A membrane keeps the organelles safe and separate
from the external world.
The stuff inside a cell is much different from the things
outside the cell.
If a cell intakes something it shouldn’t it could very well
die.
Cellular Homeostasis (Cont.)
Sometimes cells have an unnecessary
particle or molecule in them.
 Sometimes there is a molecule they need
right outside the membrane.
 That is why cells use diffusion. It gets rid
of the unwanted particles and intakes the
wanted ones.
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Cellular Homeostasis (Cont.)
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Occasionally cells have too much water in them,
if that occurs in excess, the cell can rupture and
die.
Sometimes cells don’t have enough water.
That is why the use osmosis –the passing of
water through a membrane.
Osmosis and diffusion regulate the amount of
substances in a cell.
Hierarchy of Organization
The smallest thing able to function on its
own is a cell, then:
 Tissue
 Organ
 System
 Organism
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Working Together
Cells work together to form tissues, which
work together to form organs, to form
systems, which work together to help
maintain homeostasis in an organism.
 Everything needs to work together and
communicate in order to make life.
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How Homeostasis Works:
There are receptors all over living things.
 Receptors monitor the condition of our
beings. They detect if we are cold or if we
are getting too much light into our eyes.
 Receptors can be our five senses, sight,
taste, hearing, touch, and smell, or they
can be internal sensory organs.
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How it Works:
The receptors give the information to the
control center.
 The control center can be the brain or the
nucleus.
 It then tells the body what to do in
response to the information received.
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How it Works (Cont.):
The control center gives the effectors
directions.
 The effectors are the multiple organ
systems we have.
 The effectors then execute the order, in
hopes of fixing the issue.
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Additional Terms
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Feedforward: term for what happens while
waiting for a change.
Feedback: the actions made when a change has
been discovered.
Negative Feedback loop: A way of
communication to maintain homeostasis –
receptors to the control center to the effectors.
 A negative
feedback loop is basically what
homeostasis is.
Negative Feedback Loop
Without this process, homeostasis
wouldn’t be existent.
 An example is of heating a house:
 The thermometer (receptor) detects that
the house is cold.
 It gives that information to the thermostat
which tells the furnace to turn on.
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Negative Feedback Loop
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Here is an example in animals:
A person walks from a dark room to a light-filled
room.
The eye is in taking too much light (reception).
The brain tells the pupils to shrink.
The pupils shrink, letting the correct amount of
light into the eyes.
Negative Feedback Loop
Positive Feedback
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In addition to negative feedback, it can be
positive.
Positive feedback is when something doesn’t
make a loop, but enhances the change.
When a baby is being born, the uterus is
stretched. Instead of putting it back to its regular
form, a positive feedback loop makes the uterus
stretch farther.
Positive Feedback Loop
Homeostasis
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Homeostasis can be disrupted by:
 A change
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in temperature
Internally and in the environment
 Lack
of Oxygen
 Pathogens
 Toxins
 Change in blood pressure
 Physical and psychological distresses
Homeostatic Controls
There are two control systems for
homeostasis.
 They are intrinsic and extrinsic.
 Intrinsic are the controls inside an organ.
 Extrinsic are the controls outside an organ.
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Body Systems
All the body systems work together to
maintain homeostasis.
 Some have more importance in
maintaining things though.
 The nervous system is probably the most
important closely followed by the
endocrine system.
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The Nervous System
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The nervous system
controls the actions of
the other systems.
It also detects
changes in the body.
The Endocrine System
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It secretes hormones
which regulate many
changes within the
body.
Muscular System
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The muscular system
helps the body to
move which can
affect the heat.
It also helps maintain
the structure of the
organism.
Skeletal System
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It maintains the
body’s structure.
Muscles attach to it.
The bones store
many minerals and
are full of blood
vessels.
Integumentary System
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This system, the skin
system acts like a cell
membrane. It keeps
unwanted things out
and water in.
Respiratory System
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This system gets
oxygen to everything
that needs it.
It also removes
carbon dioxide from
the body.
Digestive System
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The digestive system
intakes and absorbs
nutrients for the whole
body.
It gets rid of the
unwanted waste.
Circulatory System
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This system
transports many
things such as:
 Oxygen
 Carbon
Dioxide
 Nutrients
 Hormones
 Waste
Excretory System
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This system regulates
the volume of liquids
in the body.
Removes the waste
from blood.
Reproductive System
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The reproductive
system maintains
species.
If we couldn’t
reproduce, species
would die out and
there would be no life.
Homeostasis
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All the systems work together and do their own
share in maintaining homeostasis.
It is probably one of the most complicated things
in the entire world.
Somehow, mother nature, natural selection and
evolution created the perfect balance of things.
Something no human or single cell could do
consciously. It is just another world wonder.
Works Cited
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BSCS Biology A Human Approach. Kendall Hunt Pub,
2007. Print.
Farabee, M. J. "ANIMAL ORGAN SYSTEMS." Estrella
Mountain Community College. 18 May 2010. Web. 06
Dec. 2010.
<http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/
BioBookANIMORGSYS.html>.
"HomeostasisTutorial." Oklahoma City Community
College. Web. 06 Dec. 2010.
<http://www.occc.edu/biologylabs/Documents/Homeosta
sis/homeostasis_tutorial.htm>.