Transcript The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System
By
Enrique Ramirez
Ismael Morales
Britney Still
Brenda Pedilla
View of Our system
What is the respiratory system?
• The respiratory
system is made up of
the organs in your
body that help you to
breathe. Remember,
that Respiration =
Breathing. The goal of
breathing is to deliver
oxygen to the body
and to take away
carbon dioxide.
5 Basic Functions
• Provide large area for gas exchange between air and
blood circulation
• Moving air to and from the gas exchange surface of the
lungs
• Protects the respiratory surface from dehydration and
temperature changes and defending against invading
pathogens
• Producing sound permitting speech, singing, nonverbal, auditory communication .
• Providing olfate sensation to the central nervous
system for sense of SMELL.
Organization of Respiratory System
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Nose (Nasal Cavity & Para nasal Sinus)
Pharynx (Throat)
Larynx (Voice Box)
Trachea (Wind Pipe)
Bronchi
Lungs
Primary function is Breathing
• The primary function of the respiratory system is to
supply the blood with oxygen in order for the blood
to deliver oxygen to all parts of the body. The
respiratory system does this through breathing.
When we breathe, we inhale oxygen and exhale
carbon dioxide. This exchange of gases is the
respiratory system's means of getting oxygen to the
blood.
Breath Modified.
• Each day we breathe about 20,000 times.
All of this breathing couldn't happen without
help from the respiratory system, which
includes the nose, throat, voice box,
windpipe, and lungs. With each breath, you
take in air through your nostrils and mouth,
and your lungs fill up and empty out. As air
is inhaled, the mucous membranes of the
nose and mouth warm and humidify the air.
Carbon Dioxide
• Carbon dioxide is the waste gas that is produced
when carbon is combined with oxygen as part of
the body's energy-making processes. The lungs
and respiratory system allow oxygen in the air to
be taken into the body, while also enabling the
body to get rid of carbon dioxide in the air
breathed out. Now Let’s Begin
Two Major Divisions
• The respiratory system is separated into two
major division.
• The first is the Conduction Zone
• It makes air move in and out of the lungs
• The Second is the Respiratory Zone
• The exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
The Conductor Zone
• The conduction zone consist of the nose pharynx
larynx trachea bronchi and bronchioles These
structures form a continuous passageway for air
to move in and out of the lungs
The Respiratory Zone
• The respiratory zone is found deep inside the
lungs and is made up of the respiratory
bronchioles alveolar ducts and alveoli these thinwalled structures allow inhaled (O₂). to diffuse
into the lungs capillaries in exchange for carbon
dioxide or (CO₂)
Additional Split
• Besides the Respiratory system to spilt between
the Conductor Zone and Respiratory Zone there
is another.
• There are two tracts in the respiratory .
• The Upper and lower respiratory tract .
The Upper Respiratory Tract
• The upper respiratory tract
structures are found in head and
neck and consist of nose
pharynx and larynx Now Let’s
Begin
Nose
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The First portion of the
Respiratory tract is Made up of
the Nose. And the Nasal Cavity
The Nose serves as air exchange
The Two anterior Nares or
Nostrils allow air to enter the
nose and pass the nasal cavity
Inside the nasal cavity inhaled air
is warmed moistened and
cleaned so it can travel safely to
the next process. Also the nasal
cavity detects chemical odorants
and resonate the voice after
circulating over the nasal cavity
Structure air passes into the
pharynx through the Posterior
Nares
Nose (Nasal Cavity & Para nasal Sinus) (continued)
Pharynx
• The Pharynx is a four to five inch Tube that conducts air from the
nasal cavity to the larynx it’s divide into Three region
• Nasopharynx. Located behind the nasal cavity
• Oropharynx. Located behind the tongue
• Laryngopharynx. Located behind the Larynx. What a surprise
Larynx
• The larynx is a small tube that is located in the
throat below the base of the hynoid bone and
tongue and anterior esophagus.
• Making the walls are several cartilages, ligaments
and Mucosal or mucus.
• Allows you to swallow
• It also houses the vocal ligaments the produces
sound or the Voice box.
The Lower Respiratory Track
• The lower respiratory track
structures are located in the thorax
or chest and include the trachea
bronchi and lungs (= Bronchioles
alveolar ducts and alveoli)
Trachea
• The trachea is
sometimes called the
windpipe. The
trachea filters the air
we breathe and
branches into the
bronchi.
Trachea Cont.
• The Trachea or windpipe is a 4-5 inch tube that runs through
the lower neck and chest it’s function is to conduct air between
larynx and primary bronchi
• In the walls of the Trachea are 16-20 hyaline cartilages rings.
They stiffen the walls so that the air can flow
• Breathing starts with a dome-shaped muscle at the bottom of
the lungs called the diaphragm . When you breathe in, the
diaphragm contracts. When it contracts it flattens out and pulls
downward. This movement enlarges the space that the lungs
are in. This larger space pulls air into the lungs. When you
breathe out, the diaphragm expands reducing the amount of
space for the lungs and forcing air out. The diaphragm is the
main muscle used in breathing.
Lungs
• So how do we breath .
• The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory
system. In the lungs oxygen is taken into the body and
carbon dioxide is breathed out. The red blood cells are
responsible for picking up the oxygen in the lungs and
carrying the oxygen to all the body cells that need it.
The red blood cells drop off the oxygen to the body
cells, then pick up the carbon dioxide which is a waste
gas product produced by our cells. The red blood cells
transport the carbon dioxide back to the lungs and we
breathe it out when we exhale.
Lungs Yet Again>:
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The right and left lungs are soft elastic organs that occupy most of the
thoracic cavity. That’s why your heart is located near your breast bone.
Much of the tissues of the lungs are Branching tubes. Bronchi, Bronchioles,
and alveolar ducts.
Surrounding the tubes are 300 million alveoli and blood vessels
Diaphragm
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Breathing starts with a dome-shaped muscle at the bottom of the
lungs called the diaphragm When you breathe in, the diaphragm
contracts. When it contracts it flattens out and pulls downward. This
movement enlarges the space that the lungs are in. This larger space
pulls air into the lungs. When you breathe out, the diaphragm expands
reducing the amount of space for the lungs and forcing air out. The
diaphragm is the main muscle used in breathing.
Alveolus or Alveoli in
Depet.
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The alveoli are the final branching of the respiratory tree and act as the
primary gas exchange units of the lung. The gas-blood barrier between
the alveolar space and the pulmonary capillaries is extremely thin,
allowing for rapid gas exchange. To reach the blood, oxygen must diffuse
through the alveolar epithelium, a thin interstitial space, and the capillary
endothelium; CO2 follows the reverse course to reach the alveoli. There
are two types of alveolar epithelial cells. Type I cells have long
cytoplasmic extensions which spread out thinly along the alveolar walls
and comprise the thin alveolar epithelium. Type II cells are more compact
and are responsible for producing surfactant, a phospholipids which lines
the alveoli and serves to differentially reduce surface tension at different
volumes, contributing to alveolar stability.
The lungs and Alveoli
The Inhalation and Exhalation.
Bronchi .Bronchus What’s The deferens
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The bronchi are two air tubes that branch off of the
trachea and carry air directly into the lungs.
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Superior Cortex
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Inferior Cortex
Important Facts
• We breathe 13 pints of air every minute.
2. Each lung contains 300-350 million respiratory units
called alveoli making it a total of 700 million in both lungs.
3. More than half a liter of water per day is lost
through breathing.
4. People under 30 years of age take in double the amount
of oxygen in comparison to a 80 year old.
5. Yawning brings more oxygen to the lungs .
Why?
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Why Do I Yawn?
When you are sleepy or drowsy the lungs do not take enough oxygen from
the air. This causes a shortage of oxygen in our bodies. The brain senses this
shortage of oxygen and sends a message that causes you to take a deep
long breath---a YAWN.
Why Do I Sneeze?
Sneezing is like a cough in the upper breathing passages. It is the body's
way of removing an irritant from the sensitive mucous membranes of the
nose. Many things can irritate the mucous membranes. Dust, pollen, pepper
or even a cold blast of air are just some of the many things that may cause
you to sneeze.
What Causes Hiccups?
Hiccups are the sudden movements of the diaphragm. It is involuntary --you have no control over hiccups, as you well know. There are many causes
of hiccups. The diaphragm may get irritated, you may have eaten to fast, or
maybe some substance in the blood could even have brought on the hiccups.
Smoking
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Smoking kills over 400,000 people a year -- more than one in six people in the
United States -- making it more lethal than AIDS, automobile accidents, homicides,
suicides, drug overdoses, and fires combined
People who are exposed to second-hand or side-stream smoke are also at risk.
Smoke that is exhaled not only contains the same dangerous contaminants as
inhaled smoke, but the exhaled smoke particles are smaller, so that they can reach
distant sites in the lungs of involuntary or passive smokers and do great harm.
Smoking a cigarette raises the blood pressure by 5-10 mm Hg for about 30
minutes. If this is combined with drinking a cup of coffee, the effects are bigger
and last longer.
Surgeon General Changing Smoking . So that the Cigarettes would imprint the
label of smoking and there wrong doings.
Tobacco companies had countered the reports -- which purported to show links
between smoking and cancer and other serious diseases -- with denials and
competing studies.
More than 30 years -- and more than 20 Surgeon General reports -- later, the issue
appears headed for settlement in the courtroom rather than the laboratory.
Working with Other system
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The Digestive System and Respiratory System~
The well-known digestive system has a basic but important function. First,
food goes down to the throat, and leads to the digestive system. What makes
this path is the epiglottis, which opens when air comes through, and closes
when food comes down. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler
substances that the body can use including proteins. This helps the
respiratory system because the lungs need nutrients. The respiratory system
helps the digestive system by giving oxygen to the digestive system. Another
basic, but important system is the skeletal system.
~The Skeletal System and Respiratory System~
The skeletal system is very important. This system is responsible for
protecting the inner body. The skeletal system is like a metal shield covering
the body. This system helps the respiratory system by protecting the lungs.
~The Circulatory System and Respiratory System~
The circulatory system is very useful. This system transports the food
nutrients, and oxygen to the body cells. It also delivers of carbon dioxide and
waste products. This helps the respiratory system by transporting nutrients to
keep the lungs clean, and healthy. In return the respiratory system allows air
to keep the circulatory system going. The next system is the muscular
system.
Working yet again
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~The Muscular System and Respiratory System~
The muscular system is interesting. In the human body there are three types
of muscle tissue: Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. The
muscular system helps push air come into and leave the respiratory system
through the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm, which is a muscle.
The respiratory system has the lungs that deliver air to the muscles. It is kind
of weird to think of or read about how your muscles works, and then knowing
what they are doing right at that second.
~The Nervous System and Respiratory System~
The nervous system is awesome! This system actually makes you feel what
you feel. It controls your bodies’ activities. Plus, it helps the respiratory system
by allowing you feel and know when you are breathing and have somewhat
control of it. The nervous system also triggers you to whine or scream when
you get physically hurt. These systems are amazing.