Transcript The Respiratory System - Alexmac

The Respiratory System
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1YtXc_84A
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2OcGgJbiUk&feature=fvwp
http://www.fossweb.com/modules3-6/LivingSystems/activities/circulation.swf
The respiratory system is responsible
for providing the oxygen needed by the
body and for removing the carbon
dioxide produced as your body uses
energy for growth, repair and
movement.
Respiratory System Members
• Nose
• Mouth
• Trachea
(windpipe)
• Bronchi
(sin.: Bronchus)
• Lungs
• diaphragm
Air travels from:
Nose or Mouth >> Pharynx >>Trachea >>
Bronchi >>Smaller Branches >> Tiny air
sacs (alveoli)
Cilia
• Cilia (hair-like projection)
of many epithelial cells
help move mucus
produced by epithelial
tissue which line the
trachea and bronchi. Cilia
also filter out any foreign
material that might enter
the system.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=sU_8juD3YzQ
Gas exchange
• Air is a mixture with 21% Oxygen
The respiratory system
relies on the circulatory
system to distribute
oxygen to the cells and
to remove
carbon dioxide.
Gas Exchange
• The alveoli have very thin walls.
• Each alveoli is surrounded by a
network of capillaries.
• Oxygen and carbon dioxide
diffuse through two thin walls:
the walls of alveoli, and the
walls of capillaries.
• The oxygen rich blood then
goes back to the heart to be
transported to all over the
body.
Breathing
• It is the process of alternately drawing air into the lungs
(inhalation) and then pushing air out (exhalation).
• The process of breathing involves the rib cage, rib muscles,
and the diaphragm.
• The diaphragm is a large sheet of muscle underneath the
lungs
• When the rib muscles and diaphragm contract they move
upward and outward and air is pulled into the lungs.
• When the rib muscles and diaphragm relax, they move
inward and air is pushed out.
Control of Breathing
• Breathing is involuntary.
• You can control it when talking but the
involuntary system takes over in a short time.
• Breathing is controlled by brain.
• As the concentration of carbon dioxide in
blood increases, brain signals the rib muscles,
diaphragm and the heart to speed up
breathing.
Diseases of the Respiratory System
Diseases of the Respiratory system
Tuberculosis
- infectious disease, easily
passed between people
- Caused by bacteria
entering your body when
you breathe
- The bacteria grows in
your lungs. If untreated,
TB can be fatal.
Lung cancer
Caused by
carcinogens from
tobacco smoke in
parts of the
respiratory system,
including lungs,
mouth, esophagus,
larynx, pancreas and
bladder.
Symptoms include:
Fever, cough, weight loss,
tiredness, chest pain
Diagnosed with: X-rays
SARS: Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome
Caused by viruses
Symptoms include:
Flu-like symptoms
including high fever,
shortness of breath,
dry cough, sore throat,
headache, muscle
pain, exhaustion
Diagnosed with: X-rays
Respiratory Disease
• COPD – chronic obstructive
pulmonary diseases.
– Asthma - Intermittent airway
swelling and mucus production
– Emphysema - Some of the tiny
alveoli collapse reducing the
overall surface area for breathing
to occur.
– Chronic bronchitis - permanent
swelling of tissues lining the
airway leading to pathway
narrowing and as a result
coughing and breathlessness.
Respiration of Fish
• Oxygen and carbon dioxide is dissolved in
water
• Most fish exchange dissolved oxygen and
carbon dioxide in water by means of the gills.
• Gills are filled with blood vessels, which give
gills a bright red colour.
• Water taken in continuously through the mouth
passes over the gills, where the exchange of gases
takes place.
• The blood capillaries in the gills take up oxygen from
the water and to give up excess carbon dioxide to the
water.
• The circulatory system then transports the oxygen to
all body tissues and picks up carbon dioxide, which is
removed from the body through the gills.
• The skin of a frog is permeable to oxygen and
carbon dioxide, as well as to water.
• There are a number of blood vessels near the
surface of the skin.
• When a frog is underwater, oxygen is
transmitted through the skin directly into the
bloodstream.
• On land, adult frogs use their lungs to breathe.