Transcript How is your body organized?

Review:
How is your body organized?
• Similar cells are grouped together to
Tissue
form a tissue (epithelial, nervous,
muscle, connective)
Organ
• different tissues are grouped together to
form organs (ex. stomach)
Organ
System • organs that work together to perform a
specific function make up a system (ex.
digestive system a includes organs
What is the function of your Digestive System?
- The cells in your body need a source of energy in
order to function properly; there has to be a way to get
the energy out of the environment and into your cells.
- The food you eat provides your cells with the
energy they need for daily function; his is stored in the
chemical bonds of the food`s molecules.
- The function of your digestive system is to break
down food into pieces (molecules) that are
small enough to enter your cells, so that they
may be used as an energy source.
Nutrition Unit
Nutrition
Nutrition involves all the processes involved in
the absorption, use and elimination of the
substances needed to keep our bodies in good
working order.
This involves:
1) Digestive System: needed to transform the food we eat
into nutrients our cells can use.
2) Respiratory System: oxygen is needed to transform the
nutrients we eat into chemical energy
3) Circulatory System: our blood circulates the nutrients and
oxygen to our cells.
4) Excretory System: needed to filter our blood and eliminate
waste in liquid form
Essential Nutrients
To function, the human body must have
nutrients. The nutrients known to be essential for
human beings are:
1) proteins
2) carbohydrates (all sugars and starches)
- this includes Fiber.
3) fats
4) water
5) vitamins
6) minerals
A nutrient is a substance found in food that is
used by the body to meet important needs.
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fats
Water
Vitamins
Minerals
The Energy Value of Food
• A joule (J) is the typical measurement
unit for energy;
• With food, however, calories (cal) are
commonly used to measure the energy
content of foods.
• 1 cal = ~ 4000 J or 4 kJ (kilojoules)
• Energy is used for everything we do,
from breathing to talking and even
sleeping!
Average Energy Content in
Nutrients
Nutrient
Carbohydrate
Fats
Proteins
Water
Vitamins
Minerals
Energy Content
KJ / g
Cal / g
17
4
37
9
17
4
nil
nil
nil
nil
nil
nil
Energy Output for Various
Activities
Activity (1 hour)
Required
Calories
Sleeping or resting 60
Sitting
90
Standing
120
Walking
170
Running
Over 300
Energy Requirements
• The amount of energy you need to perform your daily
activities determines the amount of food you should eat.
• This is different for every person depending on:
– Age
– Sex
– Weight
– Level of physical activity
• A typical adolescent girl requires 1800- 2400 calories/day
• A typical adolescent boy requires 2200- 3200
calories/day
Energy Value
• Carbohydrates and fats are the body’s
major source of energy
• Proteins are mostly used to build and
repair body tissue, but may be sometimes
used as an energy source if there are not
enough carbohydrates or fats to meet our
energy needs.
• Water, vitamins and minerals are NOT
sources of energy
Canada’s Food Guide
Breyers Ice Cream, All Natural Light Mint Chocolate Chip
How many calories are from Fats?
How many calories are from Carbs?
How many calories are from Proteins?
How many hours of running would you
have to do to burn this amount of
calories?
Hershey's Chocolate Bar, Special Dark Chocolate
How many calories are from Fats?
How many calories are from Carbs?
How many calories are from Proteins?
How many hours of running would you
have to do to burn this amount of
calories?
Breyers Ice Cream, All Natural Light Mint Chocolate Chip
How many calories are from Fats?
9 Cal x 4.82g = 43.38 Cal
How many calories are from Carbs?
4 Cal x 19.31g = 77.24 Cal
How many calories are from Proteins?
4 Cal x 3.19g = 12.76 Cal
= 133.38 Calories per ½ cup.
How many hours of running would you
have to do to burn this amount of
calories?
Just under ½ hour of running with
your heart rate over 120 beats / min.