Transcript LIfe processes 2010 living Environment

Characteristics of Living
Things
Living creatures are
ORGANIZED
• All made of the same collection of
chemicals, but we are organized as…
– molecules
• proteins, fats, carbohydrates, nucleic acids
proteins
carbohydrates
DNA
A2
Living creatures are ORGANIZED
• All made of the same collection of
chemicals, but we are organized as…
– organelles & cells
• plant cells & animal cells
plant cell
animal cell
A3
Living creatures are
ORGANIZED
• All made of the same collection of
chemicals, but we are organized as…
– organs & organ systems
• respiratory, circulatory, digestive, etc.
A4
Cells of living things carry out Life
Processes necessary for Life.
An organism is said to be alive as long as the cells perform
these __8__ life processes.
1. Nutrition-
Taking in food and processing the materials
needed for life
There are 2 types:
Autotrophic- PlantsMake own food
HeterotrophicAnimals- Need to go
out and get food
A5
Respiration
• Release of energy from the food and
oxygen we take in. Mitochondria is the
organelle that performs respiration.
• There are two types:
– Aerobic- uses oxygen to make energy
– Anaerobic- does not use oxygen to make
energy
A6
Excretion
• Removal of liquid wastes. Egestion-is the
removal of solid wastes.
A7
Regulation
• Control of all activities in an organism.
This helps maintain balance
(Homeostasis). 2 body systems work to
maintain this-Nervous and
Endocrine(hormones)
A8
Growth
• To increase in size
A9
Synthesis
• Making simple substances more complex.
• Example Photosynthesis- plants use Co2
and H2o along with sunlight to make
Glucose (sugar)
A10
Transport
• Distributing materials
throughout the organism.
Examples:
• Cytoplasm – liquid within the
cell
• Circulatory system- blood
carries materials needed for
body ( oxygen, nutrients,
hormones)
A11
Reproduction
• Production of a new
individual. Not needed for
individual to survive.Must
have for the species to
survive.
Two Types:
Sexual- 2 Parents
Asexual- 1 Parent
A12
Virus
• A Virus is an exception. It cannot carry out
all the life processes. To stay alive a virus
must invade the cell of a living organism. It
needs a Host cell to stay alive.
A13
Metabolism
• Is the total of all the life processes. When
a person states he has high or low
metabolism this is what they are talking
about. It is the combination of all the life
functions working together.
A14
Homeostasis
• Is the body maintaining internal balance
(a steady state). When all the life
processes are occurring normally, it is
maintaining homeostasis.
A15
• If a body is not in homeostasis then FEEDBACK
MECHANINSMS kick in
• Examples:
• Body Temperature• Sweating –cools body
• Shivering- heats the body
• Sugar Levels– Pancreas produces hormone called Insulin- maintains
glucose (sugar) levels
A16
In Plants Guard Cells- open and
close to maintain water balance
A17