Transcript Cell Unit
5th Grade Mrs. Pidgeon Vocabulary CELL VIDEO A-6 Who discovered that cells exist? Robert Hooke discovered the cell. Building Blocks Cell are the basic units of structures for all plants and animals. Why do we have different types of cells???? CELLS HAVE DIFFERENT JOBS!!! A-7 Cell Observation Activity Parts of the Cell! A8-A9 Agree or Disagree???? Parts of the Cell: Organelles: are simply the organs of the cell that help it function Parts of the Cell Nucleus: Command Central Inside The Nucleus… Find the Chromosomes Inside the chromosomes you find the genes.. Inside the genes you find the DNA.. That is what makes you- you and me-me!! Parts of the Cell continued…. Chromosomes - Pull up Those Genes Chromosomes are the things that make organisms what they are. They carry all of the information used to help a cell grow, thrive, and reproduce. Chromosomes are made up of DNA. Segments of DNA in specific patterns are called genes. Parts of the Cell continued…. Cell Membrane: covering that holds everything together Parts of the Cell continued…. Cytoplasm is the fluid that fills a cell. Parts of the Cell continued…. Vacuoles - Storage Bins to the Cells Vacuoles are storage bubbles found in cells. They are found in both animal and plant cells but are much larger in plant cells. Vacuoles might store food or any variety of nutrients a cell might need to survive. They can even store waste. Parts of the Cell continued…. Cell Wall: rigid additional layer that protects a plant cell. Parts of the Cell continued…. Mitochondria - Turning on the Powerhouse Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell. They are organelles that act like a digestive system that takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy for the cell. Parts of the Cell continued…. Chloroplasts: makes food for plant cells Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells Basic Parts… NUCLEUS CHROMOSOMES CELL MEMBRANE CYTOPLASM VACUOLES MITOCHONDRIA Important Facts…. Plant cells have 2 additional components including chloroplasts, and the cell wall. BASIC PARTS: NUCLEUS CHROMOSOMES CELL MEMBRANE CELL WALL CYTOPLASM CHLOROPLASTS VACUOLE MITOCHONDRIA Mailbox Activity Playing the perfect part! VIDEO HUMAN MACHINE- EYEWITTNESS HUMAN BODY INVESTIGATION The human body is a complex organism made of different types of cells… including: Muscle Bone Nerve Fat Skin Blood A-16 Why are they referred to as building blocks???? Tissue- cells that work together to perform a specific task form a tissue. Organ- tissues that join together form a organ. System- Organs that work together to perform a function form a system. Body Systems include the following: Circulatory System- HEART Digestive System- STOMACH Respiratory System- LUNGS Skeleton System- BONES Nervous System- BRAIN Respiratory System- A18 1. 2. 3. The respiratory system supplies the body’s cells with the oxygen needed to produce energy. Main components: Trachea Bronchi Lungs You Take My Breath Away Sitting Jogging Cycling Take a Breath BALLOON EXPERIMENT What is the largest muscle in your body? http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/_bfs_CSmovies ource.html A16-A17 Circulatory System http://www4.tpgi.com.au/users/amcgann/body/circulatory.html 1. 2. 3. Circulatory System Parts: Heart Blood vessels Blood Arteries- blood leaves the heart through these vessels. Capillaries- blood vessels so small that blood cells have to move through them in a single file. Veins- return the blood to the heart. GO WITH THE FLOW ACTIVITY STEADY FLOW EXPERIMENT HEART HEALTHY HABITS Exercise Makes Your Heart Happy You may know that your heart is a muscle. It works hard, pumping blood every day of your life. You can help this important muscle get stronger by doing aerobic exercise. What is Blood??? An adult human has about 4–6 liters of blood circulating in the body. Among other things, blood transports oxygen to various parts of the body. The red blood cells contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds oxygen. Red blood cells transport oxygen to, and remove carbon dioxide from, the body tissues. The white blood cells fight infection. The platelets help the blood to clot, if you get a wound for example. The plasma contains salts and various kinds of proteins. Blood Types Blood Donor Activity: Human blood is grouped into four types: A, B, AB, and O. Each letter refers to a kind of antigen, or protein, on the surface of red blood cells. For example, the surface of red blood cells in Type A blood has antigens known as Aantigens. DNA Activity Digestive System http://kidshealth.org/kid/body/digest_noSW.html http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/digest / The job of the digestive system is to A. break food into nutrients B. get nutrients to the blood Digestive System Continued….. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Parts of the digestive system: Salivary Glands- soften food Esophagus- food track Small Intestine- pass nutrients to cells Large Intestine- soak any moisture Liver- creates bile Gallbladder- holds bile Stomach- break down food with acid Pancreas- creates insulin to maintain blood sugar Why is this important???? We need to be able to classify living things!! Why do we need to classification? To help scientists keep this all straight, they start by classifying, or by placing life forms in groups called Kingdoms. The beginning of classification begins with the 5 kingdoms… 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Monerans Protisits Fungi Plants Animals How would you divide your Halloween goodies into Kingdoms? Remember, we are trying to come up with only a few different types of classification groups. One possible way to divide the treats into kingdoms could be The Edible Kingdom, and The Non-Edible Kingdom. The word “edible” means that you can eat it. All your edible goodies would go in one pile, and all your non-edible goodies, like pencils, stickers, tooth brushes, etc could go in another. It is important to note that this is only an example. If you choose to divide your stuff differently, you are not incorrect. Even today among scientists, there is still much debate about how things should be divided. Cells help us plug living things into the categories.. Monerans- one celled- some make their own food some eat off other living things Bacteria are commonly placed in The Moneran Kingdom. Monerans are considered by many scientists to be the oldest life forms on Earth, and the ancestors of all the other types of life that have since evolved. Protists One celled make their own food. All protists live in moist surroundings. In general, the protist kingdom includes organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane and who do not fit into the other kingdoms. Fungi Most many-celled absorb food from other living or dead things. The Fungi Kingdom is made up of a variety of different funguses. For many years, it was believed that fungi were plants. Today we know that fungi are different from plants in some very important ways. Firstly, unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food. They must rely on other food sources to support them. There are also differences in the basic make up and chemistry of their cells. One common type of fungi are the mushrooms you find on your pizza. Other fungi include microscopic fungus, truffles, and more. Plants Many-celled, make their own food. Different types of plants include trees, grass, flowers, and some types of algae Plants use the light from the Sun to produce their own food. This allows them to grow almost anywhere, as long as there is enough water. Plants use the light from the Sun to produce their own food. This allows them to grow almost anywhere, as long as there is enough water. Animals Many-celled, feed on other living things. These cells come together, forming tissues, organs, and organ systems, that help sustain the life of the animal. From elephants to snails, animals come in many shapes and sizes, and can be found all over the world. Animals cannot make their own food. They must rely on other living things, such as plants, fungi, and other animals to sustain them. Without other food sources, animals could not survive. Next… the kingdoms can be broken down into categories…. Example Vertebrates or Invertebrates Example Mammals Amphibians Reptiles Fish or Birds Spine Tingling Science Activity Next Unit…. You will learn how some of these characteristics have helped animals adapt and survive their environments..