Transcript Organ Systems

Organ Systems
Organ Systems Overview
Includes skin, hair
and nails
Works with
Supports,
bones to move
protects, and
Creates waterproof parts of the body woks with
muscles to move
barrier aro8und the
parts of the body
body
Detects changes Manufactures
in the
environment and
signals to the
body, which then
responds
Transports
and releases
blood, nutrients,
hormones ,
gasses and wastes
keeping body
systems in balance
Organ Systems Overview
Part of the immune
Controls
Takes in food and
Removes liquid
Produces and
system
breathing
breaks it down
waste from body
Defends the body
Exchanges
Absorbs nutrients
transports sex
cells
against infection
gasses
Removes solid
Development of
waste
new organisms
Digestive System
Mouth
 Starts the process of breaking down food; mechanically
(teeth) and chemically (enzymes in saliva)
 Saliva is produced by salivary glands in epithelial tissue of the
mouth
 Once food is broken up an softened with saliva it may be
swallowed and begin its journey into the digestive tract
Esophagus and Stomach
 The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects your mouth to your stomach
 Movement of muscle tissue in the esophagus is controlled by the nervous
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system unconsciously to move food along
The stomach is used to hold food and churn it to continue the process of
digestion
The stomach lining produces digestive enzymes and acids
Muscles in the stomach aid in the
mixing of food
Nerves in the stomach signal when it
is full and you have had enough to eat
The Small Intestine
 Once your food is fully mixed within the stomach a round muscle at the
bottom of the stomach, called a sphincter opens an transfers stomach
contents into the Small Intestine
 The first meter of the small intestine is called the duodenum which is
where most digestion takes place
 Tubes in the duodenum are connected to the pancreas liver, and gall
bladder. These organs release more digestive enzymes which completes
the chemical breakdown of food.
 Food entering the reaming length of the small intestine is ready to be
absorbed into the body
The Large Intestine
 The Large Intestine acts to absorb water, vitamins and salts
from the remaining digested food and eliminate undigested
food through the anus as feces
 The large intestine includes the Colon, rectum and anus
 Bacteria in the large intestine also assist in the completion of
food digestion
Urinary System
 Liquid waste is eliminated from the body via the Urinary system
 Your Kidneys are the key organ used to filter and flush away waste
substances from cellular processes and maintain a proper volume
of water in the body and a balance of electrolytes (dissolved
sodium, potassium and calcium)
 Liquid waste is sent for temporary storage via the ureter to the
bladder. Once the bladder is full urine is released through the
urethra
Nervous System
 The most critical organ in your body is the Brain
 The Brain is the information processing centre for your body
 The rest of your nervous system is the network of nerve tissue
that connects the brain to all parts of the body and transmits
signals to and from all types of body cells
 The core of the nervous system is called the Central Nervous
System (CNS) and includes the Brain and Spinal Cord
 The nerves that carry signals between
the CNS and the body are part of the
peripheral nervous system
Nervous System
 Nerves are responsible for controlling;
 voluntary muscle
 carrying information from sensory organs (eyes, ears, taste
buds, skin, nose)
 regulation of involuntary functions such as breathing, heart beat
and digestion
 To protect it from damage the CNS is shielded by bones
(skull and spinal column) and fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) that
acts as a cushion
Nerve Tissue
 Nerve tissue is made up of Neurons
 There are approximately 100 billion neurons in your brain
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alone
The structure of neurons allow them to conduct information
in the form of electrical impulses
Neurons only conduct electrical impulses in one direction
Bundles of neurons are called Nerves
Nerves allow for two way communication within the body
Neurons in the CNS typically do not regenerate if damages
Peripheral nerve tissue can repair small gaps (a few
millimeters)
Circulatory System
 The circulatory system is made up of blood,
heart and blood vessels (veins and arteries)
 The main role of the circulatory system is to
move nutrients obtained by the intestines
and oxygen from the lungs to all cells in the
body.
 The circulatory system also transports solid
and liquid waste materials to the kidneys to
be filtered out and excreted. Waste gas
(CO2) is expelled by the lungs
 The circulatory system is also important in
regulating body temperature and
transporting white blood cells that fight
unwanted disease vectors (viruses and
bacteria)
Blood
 Red blood cells are the are the most plentiful cells in blood
(45%). They transport Oxygen using a protein called
Hemoglobin with is high in iron giving blood its red colour
 White Blood cells are the bodies defence mechanism. They
are able to recognize and destroy invading bacteria and
viruses. Only about 1% of blood volume are white blood
cells
 Platelets are small cells that aid in clotting
 Plasma is the protein rich liquid that suspends all blood cells.
It makes up about 55% of your blood’s volume
Heart
 The muscle that
pumps all blood
through the
circulatory system
 Brings deoxygenated
blood from upper and
lower parts of the
body, sends it to the
lungs, returns
oxygenated blood back
to the heart and then
out to the body.
Blood Vessels
 Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
 Blood being pumped away from the hear is under high
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pressure and therefore arteries must be thick walled
Veins carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart
Both Veins and Arteries are largest closest to the heart and
become smaller in diameter farther away as the volume of
blood they must gets smaller
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels with very thin walls where
gas and nutrient exchange takes place
This exchange takes place through a process called diffusion
All body tissues are connected to the circulatory system by a
network of capillaries
Circulatory Issues
 Heart attack: If blood vessels (pulmonary arteries) become
blocked (blood clot, plaque) as the heart is supplied with
oxygenated blood the heart will stop pumping and tissue will
start to die (Necrosis)
 Stroke: Where blood vessles supplying your brain with blood
become blocked (usually a clot). Without oxygen and
nutrients brain tissue begins to die
 Hypertension: “High Blood Pressure” is a sign that the heart
and blood vessels are being overworked. May lead to
atherosclerosis, a systematic build up of plaque in the arterial
wall
 Atherosclerosis often leads to heart disease and/or stroke
Respiratory System
 The Lungs are where
blood acquires oxygen
and disposes of excess
carbon dioxide
 Inside the lungs is a
network of increasingly
narrow branching airways
all ending in tiny air sacs
called alveoli
Respiratory System
 Alveoli are thin walled
structures surrounded by
capillaries
 Gasses are exchanged through
the Alveoli via diffusion
 The remainder of the
respiratory system simply
connects the lungs to the
outside air (trachea) or assists
in the mechanics of breathing
(diaphragm)