Transcript 1_Organs_and_Cir_System

Caring for older people
Topic 1
Disorders
Organs
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Heart
Lungs
Liver
Kidneys
Stomach
Brain
Small/Large intestine
Function Of The Heart
• Pulmonary circulation
• Systematic circulation
• Pumps blood – to and from the lungs/ to
and from the body
• Cardiac cycle
Function Of The Lungs
•
•
•
•
Absorption of oxygen/ oxygenates blood
Exhalation of carbon dioxide
Gaseous exchange
Inhalation/exhalation
Function Of The Liver
• Storage of nutrients
• Production of bile
• Breakdown of toxins
Function Of The Kidneys
• Removal of waste products from the blood
• Production of urine
• Flirtation of the blood
Function Of The Brain
• Centre of the human nervous system
• It controls our body, receives information,
analyzes information, and stores
information.
Function of the small intestine
• Absorbs food and water
Function of the large intestine
• Its function is to absorb water from the
remaining indigestible food matter, and
then to pass useless waste material from
the body
Function Of The Stomach
• Mixes food
• Organ of digestion
Circulatory system
• Also known as the cardiovascular system, your heart, blood vessels
and blood itself are three essential components the body needs to
survive. The circulatory system consists of two circuits that blood
travels through; pulmonary and systemic.
• Components of the circulatory/cardiovascular system
• The three components are:
• The heart
• Blood vessels
• Blood
• It is a double circulatory system. It comprises two separate circuits
and blood passes through the heart twice.
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/pe/appliedanatomy/0_an
atomy_circulatorysys_rev1.shtml
Shade in the flow of the oxygenated
and deoxygenated blood
Disorders of the circulatory system
• In this section we are going to examine
both the causes and the symptoms
connected to each disorder:
– Heart Disease
– Sclerosis
– Stroke
Heart Disease
• Coronary heart disease (CHD) is usually caused by a build-up of fatty
deposits on the walls of the coronary arteries.
• The causes:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
smoking
high blood pressure
have a high blood cholesterol level
do not take regular exercise
have diabetes
being obese or overweight
having a family history of CHD
• The symptoms:
– mild, uncomfortable feeling that is similar to indigestion
– feeling of heaviness or tightness, usually in the centre of the chest, which
may spread to the arms, neck, jaw, back or stomach.
– sweating
– light-headedness
– nausea
– breathlessness
– discomfort or pain
Sclerosis
• Over time, as you get older, your arteries naturally begin to harden
and get narrower, leading to atherosclerosis.
• The Causes:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
High cholesterol
High blood pressure
Diabetes
Obesity
Alcohol
Lack of exercise
Family history
High fat diet
• The Symptoms:
– The first symptom of a narrowing artery may be pain or cramps at times
when blood flow cannot keep up with the tissues' need for oxygen.
– Chest pain
– Feeling of tightness
Stroke
•
•
•
Stroke is a brain attack
For your brain to function, it needs a constant blood supply (Heart), which provides vital
nutrients and oxygen to the brain cells. A stroke happens when the blood supply to part
of the brain is cut off and brain cells are damaged or die.
The causes:
– smoking
– high blood pressure (hypertension)
– obesity
– high cholesterol levels (often caused by a high-fat diet, but can result from inherited
factors)
– a family history of heart disease or diabetes
– excessive alcohol intake (which can also make obesity and high blood pressure
worse, as well as causing heart damage and an irregular heart beat)
– Lack of exercise
The symptoms:
– dizziness
– communication problems (difficulty talking and understanding what others are
saying)
– problems with balance and coordination
– difficulty swallowing
– severe headaches
– numbness or weakness resulting in complete paralysis (lack of sensation) in one
side of the body
– loss of consciousness (in severe cases)