Transcript Section 37.1 Summary – pages 971-974

1. In what WAYS are plants important to our respiratory system?
2. In cellular respiration, you use oxygen and sugar to make carbon
dioxide and energy. What other system is working with the respiratory
here?
3. How does your circulatory system work with your respiratory system?
KEEP YOUR LAB BOOK WITH YOU- YOU WILL NEED IT TODAY
The Path Air Takes
Respiration, the process of gas
exchange, is an important function
performed by the respiratory
system
There are two types of
respiration:
1. External Respiration
breathing in and out
2. Cellular Respiration
using oxygen and food
to produce energy
(waste product made is CO²)
The Path Air Takes in External Respiration
• The first step in the process of respiration involves
taking air into your body through your nose or mouth.
• Air flows into the pharynx, or throat.
• Passed the larynx, or voice box
Cleaning Dirty Air
• To prevent foreign material from reaching the lungs,
the nasal cavity and air-ways are lined with cells that
secrete mucus and have little hair-like structures
called cilia.
Then the air passes an open epiglottis.
The epiglottis is a flap of tissue
that covers the entrance to the
air-way (trachea) when you
swallow food.
Trachea,
where air
travels
Esophagus,
where food
travels
The Path Air Takes
• It then travels down the trachea (or windpipe) which is
a tube-like passageway with many ridges.
•The trachea leads to two tubes, or bronchi,
which branch out into the lungs.
• The bronchi branch into bronchioles, which are
numerous tiny tubes.
Place of Gas Exchange
• Eventually the bronchioles open into thousands of tiny
air sacs called alveoli.
• The alveoli in healthy lungs are elastic, they stretch as
you inhale and return to their original size as you
exhale.
Place of Gas Exchange
• In the alveoli oxygen and carbon dioxide are
exchanged between the air and blood.
• The clusters of alveoli are surrounded by networks of
tiny blood vessels, or capillaries.
• Oxygen moves from the air in the alveoli into
the blood, making the blood rich in oxygen.
• Once oxygen is in the blood, it is pumped by the heart
to the body cells, where it is dropped off and used for
cellular respiration (breaking down food for energy).
• Cellular respiration creates ATP and a waste productCARBON DIOXIDE.
• Your blood picks up the carbon dioxide and transports
it to the lungs for disposal out of the body
• That’s why when you exhale, you release carbon
dioxide.
Heart-y
Facts
It takes about 20 seconds for
blood to travel through your
body… heart to heart.
1 minute = 75-85 heart beats
In one day, one
drop of blood
travels 12,000
miles!
Girls hearts beat
faster than boys
Blood is about 78%
water
You have 5.6 Liters
of Blood in your
body!
Circulatory System
• The circulatory system is in charge of
moving nutrients, gases and wastes to
and from cells.
• This system helps maintain homeostasis
by stabilizing body temperature and pH.
Transportation
Think of your circulatory system like an extensive
system of trains . . . they pick up packages and
drop them off at another place.
Transportation
• The circulatory system
picks up wastes like
carbon dioxide and
drops off nutrients and
oxygen.
Your vessels make up the “tracks” that
your blood or “train” flows along.
Blood delivers…
• …Oxygen to all cells (from the lungs)
• …Nutrients to all cells (from the intestines)
• …Wastes to the kidneys (from cells)
• …Carbon dioxide to the lungs (from cells)
Components of Blood
•
Red Blood Cells
(RBC)
•
White Blood Cells
(WBC)
•
Platelets
•
Plasma
•
Transport O2 & CO2
•
Contain hemoglobin
(protein that carries
oxygen)
•
Produced in bone
marrow.
(Skeletal system)
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
• Large
• Defend the body
against disease.
●
Produced in bone
marrow.
Platelets
•
•
Irregularly-shaped cell fragments needed
for blood clotting.
Create a “web” to prevent you from
losing blood.
Plasma
•
Liquid
•
Contains proteins
•
Transports red and
white blood cells,
platelets, nutrients,
enzymes, hormones,
gases and salts.
Blood Vessels
• Arteries are blood vessels that
carry oxygen rich blood AWAY
from the heart (oxygen rich)
•
•
Arteries carry blood AWAY from the
heart
•
Veins carry blood back to heart
Veins carry blood back toward
your heart. (with CO2)
• Capillaries connect arteries to
veins (very tiny)
Blood is *NEVER* blue.
Blood is described as dark red (when in veins and oxygen poor)
or bright red (when in arteries and oxygen rich)
Our veins look blue because we are looking at them *through* our skin.
They are actually white-ish, and the blood in them is dark red- and because your
skin diffuses light- your veins LOOK blue.
The blood you see when you get hurt is usually venous blood.
Arterial blood comes out in spurts. It spurts every time the heart beats. I hope you
never see that.
Heart
• All of your vessels
connect to your heart.
• The function of the
heart is to keep blood
moving constantly
through the body.
5 karat “Heart” cut diamond
Human Heart
Other Hearts
Fish Heart
Frog Heart
Page 27
of your comp. book
• Make sure you put it in the table of
contents and attach it on page 27