Transcript Body Systems Notes

The Human Body
Interactive PowerPoint
Laura Goerner
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Respiratory System
Circulatory System
Digestive System
Muscular System
Skeletal System
Digestive System
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Gross & Cool Facts!
Respiratory System
Menu
Gross & Cool Facts!
Circulatory System
Menu
Gross & Cool Facts!
Muscular System
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Gross & Cool Facts!
Skeletal System
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Gross & Cool Facts!
Digestive System
Gross and Cool Facts!
• HOW LONG ARE YOUR INTESTINES? At least 25 feet in
an adult. Be glad you're not a full-grown horse -- their
coiled-up intestines are 89 feet long!
• Chewing food takes from 5-30 seconds
• Swallowing takes about 10 seconds
• Food sloshing in the stomach can last 3-4 hours
• It takes 3 hours for food to move through the intestine
• Food drying up and hanging out in the large intestine can
last 18 hours to 2 days!
• Americans eat about 700 million pounds of peanut butter.
• Americans eat over 2 billion pounds of chocolate a year.
• In your lifetime, your digestive system may handle about 50
tons!!
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Respiratory System
Gross and Cool Facts!
• Your lungs contain almost 1500 miles of airways
and over 300 million alveoli.
• Every minute you breathe in 13 pints of air.
• Plants are our partners in breathing. We breathe
in air, use the oxygen in it, and release carbon
dioxide. Plants take in carbon dioxide and
release oxygen. Thank goodness!
• People tend to get more colds in the winter
because we're indoors more often and in close
proximity to other people. When people sneeze,
cough and even breathe -- germs go flying!
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Circulatory System
Gross and Cool Facts!
• The body of an adult contains over 60,000 miles
of blood vessels!
• An adult's heart pumps nearly 4000 gallons of
blood each day!
• Your heart beats some 30 million times a year!
• The average three-year-old has two pints of
blood in their body; the average adult at least
five times more!
• A "heartbeat" is really the sound of the valves in
the heart closing as they push blood through its
chambers.
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Muscular System
Gross and Cool Facts!
• You have over 30 facial muscles which
create looks like surprise, happiness,
sadness, and frowning.
• Eye muscles are the busiest muscles in
the body. Scientists estimate they may
move more than 100,000 times a day!
• The largest muscle in the body is the
gluteus maximus muscle in the buttocks.
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Skeletal System
Gross and Cool Facts!
• The human hand has 27 bones; your face has
14!
• The longest bone in your body? Your thigh
bone, the femur -- it's about 1/4 of your height.
The smallest is the stirrup bone in the ear which
can measure 1/10 of an inch.
• Did you know that humans and giraffes have the
same number of bones in their necks? Giraffe
neck vertebrae are just much, much longer!
• You have over 230 moveable and semimoveable joints in your body.
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Introduction to the Body
Systems
Organization in the Body
• Cell--> smallest unit of life Ex. Blood cell
• Tissue--> made of many similar cells Ex. Blood
Tissue
• Organ--> made of many similar tissues Ex.
Heart
• Organ System--> several organs working
together Ex. Circulatory System
TYPES OF TISSUE
• EPITHELIAL
• Protects other tissue
• NERVE
• Sends/receives
messages
• CONNECTIVE
• MUSCLE
• BLOOD
• Supports/protects body
• Allows movement
• Carries oxygen, food
through body
Body Systems Overview
• Digestive
• Breaks down food into small
bits for cells to use
Pathway of Digestion
1. MOUTHDigestion begins, starches broken down (saliva and
teeth)
2. ESOPHAGUS
Food passes through (peristalsis)
Pathway of Digestion
3. STOMACH
Chemical & Mechanical digestion
(proteins broken down)
4. SMALL INTESTINE
Most digestion happens, digestion is
completed- find villi for absorbing
nutrients
Pathway of Digestion
5. LARGE INTESTINE
Stores & eliminates undigested food
6. ANUS
Solid waste passed out
Body Systems Overview
• Respiratory
• Lungs take in O2 which is
combined w/ nutrients for
energy
Respiratory System
• Pathway of
oxygen
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•
•
•
•
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Mouth/ nose
Trachea
Two bronchial tubes
Bronchi branches
Air sacs
Capillaries
– Blood picks up OXYGEN in
capillaries of air sacs
– The waste CARBON DIOXIDE is
dumped off
Path of Oxygen through the
Respiratory System
Body Systems Overview
• Circulatory
• Blood transports oxygen from
lungs to cell, and wastes from
cell to lungs
Circulatory System
• Pathway of
Blood
• Blood is pumped by the heart &
carried by 3 types of blood
vessels:
– Arteries- carry blood away from
heart (carries CO2)
– Veins- carry blood to heart
(carries O2)
– Capillaries- tiny, thin walls so O2
and CO2 can pass through
Body Systems Overview
• Nervous
• Receiving and sending
messages
Nervous System
• Stimulus
Response
Pathway
• Made of nerve cells
(NEURONS)
– 1. Senses send signals
(stimulus) to brain
– 2. Brain decides how to
respond (response)
– 3. Nerves carry response to
proper part
Body Systems Overview
• Excretory
• Ridding body of wastes
(water, heat, urine, CO2, salt)
Excretory System
• LUNGS- excretes CO2, water,
• Organs of
heat
Excretion
• SKIN- excretes water, salt, heat
• KIDNEYS- excretes water, salt,
urine
Excretory System
• ANUS/LARGE INTESTINE- gets
• Organ of
rid of feces (s0lid waste)
elimination
Body Systems Overview
• Reproductiv
e
• Sex cells combine to make
offspring (sperm + egg =
fertilization)
Body Systems Overview
• Endocrine
• Glands make and release
chemical regulators into the
blood: hormones to respond to
changes inside & outside the
body
Endocrine System
•
• GLANDS
•
•
•
•
Pituitary- controls all other glands
Thyroid- regulates metabolism
Thymus- fights infection
Adrenals- fights body stress
Islets of Langerhans- Produces
insulin to control blood sugar
levels
• Gonads/Testes- makes sex cells
Body Systems Overview
• Muscular
• Allows body to move
• Muscles only contract (pull)they don’t push
Muscular System Diagram
Muscular System
• Types of
muscles
• VOLUNTARY (skeletal)
– Can control them
– Are attached to bones
– Work in pairs
Muscular System
• Types of
muscles
• INVOLUNTARY (smooth)
– Can’t control them
– Found in blood vessels, organs,
digestive tract
Muscular System
• Types of
muscles
• Cardiac (Heart)
– Smooth, Involuntary
Body Systems Overview
• Skeletal
• Protects organs, allows
movement, makes cells
Skeletal System
• Joints
• How do bones move?
• 3 type of joints
– Ball & Socket- allows twisting
(hips)
– Hinge- move in one direction
(elbow)
– Slightly moveable- limited
movement (vertebra & ribs)
Ball & Socket Joint
Hinge Joint
Skeletal System
• Bones
• Blood cells made in marrowhave calcium
Skeletal System
• Cartilage
• Softer, flexible bone
Skeletal System
• Ligaments
• Holds bone together at joints
Skeletal System
• Tendons
• Cordlike tissue that attaches
muscle to bone