Transcript Topic 3021 Introduction to Animal Anatomy/Physiology By

Introduction to Animal Anatomy
and Physiology
Unit 5
What is the difference???
• Anatomy vs. Physiology
• On your handout write what you think the
definition for each is and be prepared to
share with the class.
Definitions
ANATOMY
structural makeup
especially of an organism
or any of its parts
PHYSIOLOGY
the study of body organ
function individually or in
conjunction with other
organs
How is animal anatomy and
physiology useful?
•Helpful for those raising and/or showing animals
of any kind
•Helpful in preparing for various Career
Development Events
•Current or future job
•Future high school and college courses - biology,
etc.
Unit Overview
• Cell Biology
• Skeletal system
• Muscle system
• Respiratory system
• Circulatory system
• Nervous system
• Endocrine system and Reproductive system
• Digestive system
Anatomy Terms
3 terms meaning towards the animal’s head
cranial
anterior
superior
2 terms meaning towards the animal’s tail
caudal
posterior
Anatomy Terms
Dorsal means toward or beyond the backbone
Ventral or inferior means the front or lower
part of the animal
Look at your handout!
• Based on the information that you have
learned so far label the appropriate term on
your handout.
• Be prepared to share!!
Anatomy Terms
Bonus Anatomy Terms
Distal means far from the body part in
question
Proximal means close to the specific area of
the body in question
Superficial means close to the skin or body
surface
Classifications
• All farm animals are classified as
vertebrates (having a spinal column)
Understanding animal life
• Life span is the period of life for an
organism. It is the length of time between
birth and death.
• Based on the average amount of time an
organism lives
– Humans = 75 years in U.S.
– Cattle = 12-15 years
Life Span
• What things might affect your life span??
• Now write down on your handout three
things that could affect the life span of a
livestock animal.
• Be prepared to share 
Living Condition
• Living condition: is the ability of an organism to carry
out life processes, needed for protoplasm to function.
• 7 Processes needed to remain alive:
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Getting and using food
Movement
Circulation
Respiration
Growth and repair
Secretion
Sensation
Reproduction
Lactation
Living Conditions
• What types of living conditions do you
think are good and or bad for animals?
• Write examples on your handout and be
prepared to share!
5 Stages of Life
• All organisms have a definite sequence of
stages of life
– Stages of Life are developmental periods with
common characteristics that represent various
conditions of the organism.
– These stages are recognized in most animal’s
lives.
What stages can you think of?
• Try to come up with 5 stages of life. Think
of yourself, what life stages have you gone
through and what stages will you go
through in the future?
• Write them on your handout and be ready to
share!
Stage 1: Beginning
• The start of an organism’s life.
• With mammals, begins with conception or
birth, depending on calculation.
• Age begins with day of birth.
• Living organism starts forming at
conception.
Stage 1: Beginning
• Gestation
– The time from conception following breeding
until a female gives birth to her young
– Varies among species
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From 110-115 days in pigs
To 335-345 days in horses
144-150 days for sheep
278-289 days for cattle
150 days on average for goats
It takes about 25-27 hours for a chicken to lay an egg
Stage 1: Beginning
• Prenatal Growth
– Growth and development prior to birth or hatching
– Involves time between when ovum is fertilized
and birth (hatch)
Stage 2: Growth
• The time following the beginning
• Organism is rapidly increasing in size and
developing skills.
• Postnatal Growth
– Growth after birth
– Not all parts of an animal’s body develop at the
same rate
– Different species do not develop at the same rate
Stage 3: Maturity
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The state when organism is fully developed.
Carries out functions of adults
No longer increases much in size
Have reached reproductive potential
Stage 4: Decline
• The stage of life that follows maturity
• Organism has lived past maturity and
begins to lose the ability to maintain itself
• Cells are no longer repaired and replaced
• Associated with aging
Stage 5: Death
• Protoplasm in the cells of the organism
cease to function.
• Chemical activity in the cells stops
• Organism is no longer alive.
Example: Horse
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Stage 1: Conception
Stage 2: During the first 2-3 years of life
Stage 3: 10-12 years following growth
Stage 4: Horse starts losing teeth, bone
problems, deterioration
• Stage 5: Death follows when horse stops
breathing
You give an example!
• With a partner choose one of the following
animal species and describe its 5 stages of
life. Use the textbook for help and put your
answers on the provided worksheet.
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Sheep
Goat
Cattle
Swine
Poultry
• When done complete the back side of the
worksheet.