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Cosmetology: Anatomy and Physiology Milady’s Standard Cosmetology MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides “Remember, you can earn more money, but when time is spent, it is gone forever.” Zig Ziglar MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Objectives • Explain the importance of anatomy and physiology to the cosmetology profession. • Describe cells, their structure, and their reproduction. • Define tissue and identify the types of tissues found in the body. • Name the 10 main body systems and explain their basic functions. MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Anatomy Defined: The study of the structures of the human body that can be seen with the naked eye and what it is made of; the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts. MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Physiology Defined: The study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s structures. MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Histology Defined: The study of the science of the minute structures of organic tissues; microscopic anatomy. MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Cells • • • • • Composition Nucleus Cytoplasm Centrosome Cell membrane MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides • Cell reproduction and division – – – – – Adequate food supply Adequate oxygen supply Adequate water supply Waste elimination Proper temperature • Cell metabolism – Anabolism – Catabolism MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Tissues • • • • • Connective tissue Epithelial tissue Liquid tissue Muscular tissue Nerve tissue MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Organs • • • • • • • • Brain Eyes Heart Kidneys Lungs Liver Skin Stomach/intestines MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Systems • • • • • Circulatory Digestive Endocrine Excretory Integumentary MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides • • • • • Muscular Nervous Reproductive Respiratory Skeletal MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Skeletal System • • • • • Bone composition Osteology Primary function Joints Parts of skull MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides • Bones of cranium • Bones of face MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides • Bones of neck • Bones of trunk/torso MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides • Bones of arm and hand • Bones of leg and foot MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Muscular System Myology: The study of the structure, function, and diseases of the muscles. Human body has over 600 muscles responsible for 40% of body’s weight; fibrous tissues with the ability to stretch and contract. MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Muscular Tissue • Striated muscles • Nonstriated muscles • Cardiac muscles MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Muscle Parts • Origin • Insertion • Belly MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Stimulation of Muscles • • • • • • • Massage Electric current Light rays Heat rays Moist heat Nerve impulses Chemicals MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Scalp Muscles • Epicranius or occipito-frontalis – Occipitalis – Frontalis – Aponeurosis MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Muscles of the Ear Instructor Support Slides • Auricularis superior • Auricularis anterior • Auricularis posterior MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Muscles of Mastication • Masseter • Temporalis MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Neck Muscles • Platysma • Sternocleidomastoideus MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Eyebrow Muscles • Orbicularis oculi • Corrugator MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Muscles of the Nose • Procerus • Other nasal muscles MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Muscles of the Mouth • • • • Buccinator Depressor labii inferious Levator anguli oris Levator labii sperioris • Mentalis MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides • Orbicularis oris • Risorius • Triangularis • Zygomaticus major and minor MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Muscles – Arms to Body • • • • Latissimus dorsi Pectoralis major and minor Serratus anterior Trapezius MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Shoulder and Arm Muscles • • • • • • • Deltoid Biceps Triceps Pronator Supinator Flexors Extensors MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Muscles of the Hand • Abductor • Adductor MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Muscles of the Lower Leg and Foot • • • • • • Extensor digitorum longus Tibialis anterior Peroneus longus Peroneus Brevis Gastrocnemius Soleus MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Nervous System Neurology defined: The scientific study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system. MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Divisions of the Nervous System • Cerebrospinal system • Peripheral nervous system • Autonomic nervous system MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides The Brain and Spinal Cord • Brain is largest mass of body tissue. • Average weight is 44 – 48 ounces. • Twelve pairs of cranial nerves originate in the brain. • Spinal cord originates in brain. • Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves extend from the spinal cord. MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Nerve Cell Structure and Function • • • • Neuron or nerve Cell Dendrites Axon and axon terminal Nerves MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Types of Nerves • • • • Sensory Motor Mixed Reflex MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Nerves of Head, Face, and Neck • 5th cranial, trifacial, trigeminal • 7th cranial • Cervical MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Nerves of Arm and Hand • Nerves of the arm and lower hand • Nerves of the lower leg MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Circulatory System • Blood-vascular system • Lymph-vascular system • Heart – Pericardium – Resting Heart Rate MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Heart Chambers and Valves • Right and left atrium • Right and left ventricle • Valves • Atria MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Blood Circulation • Pulmonary circulation • Systemic or general circulation MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Blood Vessels • Arteries • Capillaries • Veins MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides The Blood • • • • • • Sticky, salty fluid Temperature of 98.6 degrees F 1/20th of body weight 8 – 10 pints in adults Bright red in arteries Dark red in veins (except pulmonary) MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Blood Composition • Red corpuscles • White corpuscles • Blood platelets • Plasma MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Blood Functions • Carries water, oxygen, food, secretions to cells • Carries away carbon dioxide and waste • Helps equalize body temperature • Clotting MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Lymph-Vascular Functions • Nourishment • Defense • Remove waste • Fluid environment MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Arteries of Head, Face, Neck • Common carotid • Internal division • External division – Superficial temporal artery – Occipital artery – Posterior auricular artery MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Facial Artery • Submental artery • Inferior labial artery MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Superficial Temporal Artery • Frontal artery • Parietal artery • Transverse facial artery • Middle temporal artery • Anterior auricular artery MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides External/Internal Carotid Artery Branches • Occipital artery • Posterior auricular artery • Supraorbital artery • Infraorbital artery MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Veins of Head, Face, and Neck • Internal jugular • External jugular MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Blood Supply for Arm and Hand • Ulnar arteries • Radial arteries MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Blood Supply for Foot and Leg • Popliteal artery • Anterior tibial • Dorsalis pedis MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Endocrine System • Exocrine or duct glands • Endocrine or ductless glands MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Digestive System • Digestion • Digestive enzymes MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Excretory System • • • • • Kidneys Liver Skin Large intestine Lungs MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Respiratory System • Diaphragm • Lungs MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Integumentary System • The skin • Various accessory organs – – – – – Oil glands Sweat glands Sensory receptors Hair Nails MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Summary and Review • Define anatomy, physiology, and histology. • Why is the study of anatomy, physiology, and histology important to the cosmetologist? • Name and describe the basic structure of a cell. MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides • Explain cell metabolism and its purpose. • List and describe the functions of the five types of tissue found in the human body. • What are organs? • List and describe the functions of the main organs found in the body. MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides • Name the 10 body systems and their main functions. • List the primary functions of bones. • Name and describe the three types of muscular tissue found in the body. • Name and describe the three types of nerves found in the body. MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides • Name and briefly describe the three types of blood vessels found in the body. • List and describe the components of blood. • Name and discuss the two types of glands found in the human body. • List the organs of the excretory system and their function. MILADY’S Standard COSMETOLOGY Instructor Support Slides Congratulations! You’ve just completed another unit of study toward program completion.