Transcript ASSESSMENT 2 - Plantsbrook School

RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZzn_8ztPMA
Respiratory System – worksheet 2E
alveoli
epiglottis
larynx
trachea
bronchus
bronchioles
diaphragm
mouth
mouth
epiglottis
larynx
trachea
bronchioles
bronchus
alveoli
diaphragm
Functions of the elements of the
Respiratory system
Worksheet 2E
The Pharynx:
• The pharynx allows food and air to enter the
body.
Functions of the elements of the
Respiratory system
The Epiglottis
• The epiglottis prevents food from being
inhaled into the lower air passage (the
trachea).
Functions of the elements of the
Respiratory system
Larynx:
• This is commonly referred to as the voice box. Air passes
through the larynx into the trachea. Also within the larynx
are the vocal cords responsible for voice production.
Functions of the elements of the
Respiratory system
Trachea:
• This is commonly referred to as the windpipe. It comprises of
a large strong and flexible tube. It is vital that this tube
remains open, rings of cartilage ensure that this is so.
Trachea
Functions of the elements of the
Respiratory system
Bronchi:
• The trachea branches into two at its far end. These two
branches comprise the bronchi. There are two branches so
the air can pass into both the left and the right lung.
Functions of the elements of the
Respiratory system
Bronchioles:
• The bronchi divide into smaller and smaller tubes known as
the bronchioles.
Functions of the elements of the
Respiratory system
Alveoli:
• The alveoli are tiny air sacs found at the extreme ends of the
bronchioles. There are many millions of these and they go to
make up the vast majority of the lung tissue. It is here that
gaseous exchange take place.
Functions of the elements of the
Respiratory system
Lungs:
•
There are two lungs housed within the chest cavity. They can be inflated
and deflated similar to two balloons. They have the appearance and feel
of sponge because of the millions of tiny air sacs. The outer surface of the
lungs is covered by the pleura. The pleura is smooth and moist which
reduces the amount of friction exerted on the lungs as they expand and
contract.
Functions of the elements of the
Respiratory system
The Diaphragm:
•
•
The diaphragm is a muscle situated below the lungs, it seals the chest
cavity from the abdominal cavity. It is responsible for the action of
breathing.
By contracting and relaxing the diaphragm changes the pressure within
the chest cavity. When it is contracted air is drawn into the lungs and
when it is relaxed air is forced out of the lungs.
Diaphragm
Interactive Activities
http://www.vtaide.com/png/respiratoryF.htm
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/respiratorysy
stem/menu/menu.html
The mechanisms of breathing
worksheet 2F
•
Taking a breath is a result of a message from the
brain being sent to the lungs. This message is sent
because of the growing level of carbon dioxide in
the blood stream.
•
It is possible to voluntarily hold the breath for quite
a long time. However even people who are good
at doing this must eventually take another breath.
INSPIRATION
EXPIRATION
The recovery process
Recovery from vigorous exercise:
Worksheet 2G
Measures of the Respiratory system
Vital capacity:
• Vital capacity refers to the largest volume of air that
can be expired after the deepest possible inspiration.
Tidal volume:
• Tidal volume is the amount of air that is breathed in
and out whether at rest or during exercise.
The effects of exercise and training on the
respiratory system
• The production of carbon dioxide, water and
the release of energy
The effects of exercise and training on the
respiratory system
• Adults take between 12-18 breaths per minute when
resting, however during exercise we breath more
frequently in order to meet the need for increased
oxygen.
• Humans can increase their breathing rate up to 50
breaths per minute during intense activity.
How do we measure breathing?
Apart from running for the bus there are 5 tests of respiratory
performance


Vital Capacity. The maximum
amount of air that can be
breathed out (about 4.5 litres).
Respiratory Rate. How many breaths
we take depending on activity.

Residual Volume. The amount left
in the lungs (about 1.5 litres).

Tidal Volume. The amount of air
taken in or out depending on the
size of the lung.
Minute Volume. How much air is
breathed in a minute (tidal volume
x respiratory rate)*

Are you fit? (healthy fit that is)
• Why is it that fit athletes hardly get out of breath
while less fit people huff and puff?

Athletes get fitter
through training.

Their bodies are able to
use oxygen more
efficiently.


They use the maximum
amount of oxygen that
can be used during
exercise. This is known
as V02 max.

non athletes
are at 65%.*
Very fit athletes such as
middle and long distance
runners work at about 85%
of their maximum.
The benefits of exercise and training on the
respiratory system
• Exercise and training develops and affects the
circulatory and respiratory systems;
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
stronger heart muscle,
increased stroke volume,
increased cardiac output,
lower resting heart rate,
more efficient gaseous exchange,
increased vital capacity,
increased tidal volume,
increased oxygen debt tolerance
The effects and needs of different activities on
the respiratory system
• Different physical activities will put different
demands on the respiratory system.
• Some activities put a LARGE DEMAND on the system
(meaning heavy breathing) and some activities put a
SMALL DEMAND on the system (meaning easy
breathing).
ACTIVITY:
• Can you label the following activities, as either
making a LARGE DEMAND or a SMALL DEMAND on
the respiratory system?