Transcript Animal Respiration

Animal Respiration
Function of Respiratory System
• To obtain and use oxygen
• To eliminate carbon dioxide
Structure and Function
• Nostrils
- paired, external openings
Nostrils
• Species Differences
– Horse--Very Pliable and Dilatable
– Pig--Rigid
Advantages of Dilatable Nostrils
• Advantageous when more air is required
(e.g. Running)
• Non-mouth Breathing
Structure of Nostrils
• Nasal Cavities
– Paired
– Separated by Nasal Septum, and from mouth
by palate
Structure of Nostrils
• Pharynx
– Common pathway for air and food
• Larynx
– "Voice Box"
– Organ of Phonation (Sound Production)
– Sound produced by controlled passage of air
which
– causes vibration of vocal chords
Structure of Nostrils
• Syrinx
– Voice Box for Birds
– Located where trachea divides from bronchi
• Vibrating Muscles
• Trachea
– Primary passage way to Lungs
– Cartilage Rings prevent collapse of airway
• Alveoli
– Principle site of gaseous diffusion between air and blood
• Lungs
– Principle Organ of Respiratory System
– Paired, found in Thorax
• Thorax expansion causes lung expansion
Mechanisms of respiration
• Respiratory Cycles
– Inspiration
• Intake of air
• Enlargement of thorax and lungs
– Expiration
• Removal of air
• Types of Breathing
– Abdominal
• Diaphragmatic
– Costal
Respiratory Frequency in Number
of Respiratory Cycles Per Minute
• Varies by species
– Horse – 12
– Cow – 29
– Pig – 40
– Sheep – 25
• Obviously body size has a lot to do with
respiration rates!
Respiratory Rate
• Increases with exercise and excitement