Transcript Chapter 33 - Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

The HUMAN BODY
Chapter 33
Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Chapter 33.1 Circulatory System
• Objectives
– Identify the function of the
circulatory system
– Describe structure of heart and
explain how it pumps blood
through the body
– Name three types of blood
vessels in the circulatory
system
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• Function:
– Using blood and blood vessels,
this system delivers nutrients
and oxygen for body cells and
carries away Carbon Dioxide
and other wastes
Components of system
• Heart
– 4 chambers:
• 2 atria (upper)- receives blood
• 2 ventricles (lower)- pumps
blood
-Separated by atrioventricular
(A-V) valves
-Right and Left sides separated by
the septum
Components cont’d
• Blood Vessels
– Veins- carry blood to the heart (some have valves)
– Arteries- carry blood away from the heart
– Capillaries- small vessels that connect
veins/arteries
*(where nutrients/wastes pass in/out of blood stream)
Blood Vessels
Paths of Circulation
• Pulmonary Circulation
– Right Atrium
– Right Ventricle
– Lungs (picks up O2 and
drops off CO2)
– Left Atrium
Paths of Circulation
• Systemic
Circulation
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Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Aorta
Body (drops off O2 and
picks up CO2)
– Right Atrium
Blood Pressure
• Force exerted on blood
vessels walls by blood
– Normal: below 120/80
– Too high  stroke or heart
attack
Check-in
• Heart chambers that receives blood
– Atria
• Heart chambers that pumps blood
– Ventricles
• Right and left sides of heart separated by
– Septum
• Atria and ventricles separated by
– Atrioventricular (A-V) valves
Check-in
• Type of vessel where nutrients pass in/out
– Capillaries
• Type of vessel that carries blood to heart
– Vein
• Vessel that carries blood away from heart
– Artery
• Pressure that blood exerts on vessel walls
– Blood pressure
Check-in
• Describe pulmonary circulation
– R heart to lungs to L heart
• Describe systemic circulation
– L heart to body to R heart
• Which side of the heart has oxygenated
blood?
– Left side
Chapter 33.2 Blood and
Lymphatic System
• Objectives
– Explain functions of blood
plasma, red blood cells, white
blood cells, and platelets
– Describe the role of the
lymphatic system
Blood Components
• Blood has 4 components:
• Plasma- liquid portion
• Red Blood Cells (RBC)- carries
oxygen to cells using
hemoglobin
• White Blood Cells (WBC)defend body against germs
• Platelets- cell fragments used to
clot blood
What blood component?
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Carries nutrients Plasma
Fights infections WBC
Platelets
Clots blood
RBC
Carries oxygen
Contains hemoglobin RBC
Is the liquid portion Plasma
Makes up most of the cells of blood RBC
Lymphatic System connection
• Lymph (fluid) moves
through a network of
vessels, nodes, and
organs in order to…
– collect fluid lost by blood
– help in nutrient absorption
– aid in immune response
Elephantaisis (Filarial lymphodema)
Caused by parasitic worms damaging tissue- lymph fluid builds up in the tissues
Chapter 33.3 Respiratory System
• Objectives
– Identify the structures of the
respiratory system and describe their
functions
– Describe gas exchange
– Describe how breathing is
controlled
– Describe the effects of smoking on
the respiratory system
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Function:
– Bring Oxygen into the body
– Remove Carbon Dioxide
and Water
Pathway of Air
• Nose- warms, moistens
air
• Throat (pharynx)
• Larynx- produces
sound, contains vocal
cords
• Trachea- aka windpipe,
carries air from throat to
chest
Pathway of Air cont’d
• Bronchi- tubes that
carry air into lungs
• Bronchioles- smaller
branching tubes
• Alveoli- tiny air sacs
in lungs where gases
exchange
Connection with Circulatory
System
• Air enters alveoli
• Alveoli covered with
capillaries
• Oxygen diffuses into
blood and binds with
hemoglobin
• Carbon Dioxide, etc.
diffuses out of blood
How Breathing Works
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The DIAPHRAGM contracts and pulls down
Chest/Rib muscles pull up at same time
Chest expands
Air pressure decreases air goes in
Lung Capacity
• Tidal volume:
volume of air a person
breathes in/out in
normal relaxed
breathing
• Vital capacity:
maximum volume a
person can breathe out
after breathing in fully
Health Hazard: Smoking!
• Tobacco: Scientific Discoveries
• Look for:
– What three dangerous chemicals are in
cigarettes?
– What diseases are caused by smoking?
Smoking is Sexy!
Check-in
• Another name for throat:
– Pharynx
• Another name for voice box:
– Larynx
• Another name for windpipe:
– Trachea
Check-in
• Flap of tissue that covers trachea to prevent
choking when you swallow:
– Epiglottis
• What is the path of oxygen from air to
alveoli?
– Nose  pharynx  larynx  trachea 
bronchi  bronchioles  alveoli
Check-in
• What two muscles are involved in breathing?
– Diaphragm and rib cage muscles
• What protein in RBC binds with oxygen?
– Hemoglobin
• What three dangerous substances does
smoking bring into the body?
– Nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide