Transcript Circulatory System Review Sheet 7A

Circulatory System Review Sheet 7A
1. What is the function of the circulatory
system?
• Transport of materials throughout the
body.
2. What is the liquid part of the blood?
What is it’s function?
• Plasma transports materials in the
blood such as nutrients, hormones,
enzymes…
3. Fill in the chart below to describe the types of
blood cells and the function of each.
Cell Type
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Description
Function
Disc shaped, most numerous
No nucleus, live for 120 days
Carried oxygen and
Contain hemoglobin (protein) carbon dioxide
Largest blood cell
Fewer than RBC’s
Cell fragments
Protects the body
against disease
Clotting
(produces fibrin to
stop bleeding)
4. Identify each of the blood vessels below and tell
the function of each:
.
A
.
Arteries
• Carries blood
away from the
heart
Veins
• Carries blood
to the heart
C
B
Capillaries
• Allows materials to be exchanged
between the blood and cells
• Connects arteries and veins
5.
a. The largest artery is called the aorta.
b. Function: Carries oxygenated blood to
all parts of the body
6.
a. The largest vein is called the vena cava.
b. Function: Carries deoxygenated blood
from the cells of your body back to the
heart
7. Trace the path of a drop of blood,
starting from the left atrium until it returns
to the left atrium again. Name all the
major structures through which it passes.
• Left Atrium, Left Ventricle, Aorta, BODY,
Upper & Lower Vena Cava, Right Atrium,
Right Ventricle, Pulmonary Arteries,
LUNGS, Pulmonary Veins, Left Atrium
8.
Label the picture of the heart below:
D aorta
E Pulmonary artery
C
Upper vena cava
F Left atrium
G Pulmonary veins
Right atrium
B
H valve
I Left ventricle
lower vena cava
A
J Right ventricle
9. Tell which of the structures above carry
oxygenated blood and which carry
deoxygenated blood.
• Oxygenated: pulmonary veins, left
atrium, left ventricle, aorta
• Deoxygenated:, upper and lower vena
cava. right atrium, right ventricle,
pulmonary arteries
10. Explain the differences between
pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins.
• Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated
blood to the lungs from the right side of
the heart.
• Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood
from the lungs back to the left side of
the heart.
11. For each blood type indicate the type of antigen
carried by the red blood cells and antibodies found in
the plasma.
A: A antigens, anti-B antibodies
B: B antigens, anti-A antibodies
AB: both A and B antigens, no antibodies
O: no antigens, both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
12. A person has blood type B+.
a. Who can this person donate blood to?
• B+, AB+
b. Who can this person receive blood from?
• B+, B-, O+, Oc. Can this person donate to someone who is B-? Why
or why not?
• No, because the person with B- blood does not
have the Rh factor so if they enter the body, the
blood will clump.
Respiratory System
1. The main job of the circulatory system is the get oxygen into the body and
carbon dioxide out of the body.
2. The walls of the trachea are made up of rings of cartilage.
3. The large, flat muscle that produces the movement of inhalation and
exhalation is the diaphragm.
4. In the chest, the trachea divides into 2 bronchi.
5. The main passageway that leads to the lungs from the throat is the trachea.
6. The first tubes to branch off the trachea are called bronchi.
7. During swallowing, the air passage of the pharynx is covered by the
epiglottis.
8. What is the correct sequence for the path of oxygen through the respiratory
system starting with the trachea?
• Trachea, bronchi, bronchial tubes, bronchioles, alveoli
9. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the external
environment and blood occurs in the alveoli.
10. Which structure contributes to pressure changes in the chest cavity?
• Diaphragm
11.
a. What gas is represented by A?
• oxygen
b. What gas is represented by B?
• Carbon dioxide
c. What is structure C?
• capillary
d. What process occurs here?
• Gas exchange by diffusion
12. What structure is affected by emphysema?
• Alveoli
13. What happens in the body during inhalation?
• Diaphragm contracts or moves down
• Pressure decreases
• Rib cage expands
14. What happens in the body during exhalation?
• Diaphragm relaxes or moves up
• Pressure increases
• Rib cage relaxes
15. Label the diagram below.
A. Nose/nostrils
B. Nasal cavity
C. Pharynx
D. Epiglottis
E. Larynx
F. Trachea
G. Bronchi
H. Bronchial tubes
I. Bronchioles
J. Diaphragm
Excretory System
1. What is the principle nitrogenous in humans?
• urea
2. Nitrogenous wastes may be produced as a result of the breakdown of
proteins
3. Compared to blood entering the kidney, blood leaving the kidney
normally contains a lower concentration of wastes/urea.
4. Which organ produces urea?
• Liver
5. This organ excretes salt from its surface: skin
6. The functional units of this organ are known as alveoli: lungs
7. The functional units of this organ are known as nephrons: kidneys
8. In humans, the nitrogenous wastes are removed from the blood in
structures called kidneys/nephrons.
9. Which excretory organ maintains normal body temperature?
• skin
10. As urine is excreted, muscle contractions in the bladder will cause
the urine to pass into the urethra.
11. Use the diagram to answer the following
questions.
a. Which structure produces urine?
• A: urine
b. Name structure B.
• Ureters
c. Name structure C.
• Urinary Bladder
d. Name structure D.
• Urethra
12. Use the diagram to answer the following questions.
a. What does structure A Excrete? (2 substances)
• Carbon dioxide and water vapor
b. Which structure regulates the amount of water in the
blood?
• kidneys
c. How does structure B play a role in excretion?
• It produces urea (deamination) and detoxifies the
blood.
d. What does structure D produce?
• urine