Transcript Respiratory System and Smoking

Respiratory
System
and Smoking
This Presentation Will Cover:
1) Respiratory System
Definitions
2) Label Respiratory System
3) Breathtaking Facts
5) Types of Tobacco Products
4) Respiratory System
Diseases
6) Smokin’ Hot Facts
7) Parts of Cigarette Smoke
8) Smoking-Related Problems
9) Warning Labels
10) Quitting Smoking
Question =
Is this slide labeled correctly?
When someone is facing you,
their left is on your right
PART 1: Definitions
DEFINITIONS:
• RESPIRATION:
The process by
which your body
takes in oxygen
and releases
carbon dioxide
• CELLULAR
RESPIRATION:
The process by
which every cell of
your body takes in
oxygen and releases
carbon dioxide
DEFINITIONS:
DEFINITIONS:
• LUNGS:
Two breathing
organs in the
chest which
transport oxygen
into the blood
and remove
carbon dioxide
DEFINITIONS:
• PLEURA:
Slimy thin
covering that
protects and
cushions the
lungs and
makes it easier
to breathe
The pleura actually has
two layers
• DIAPHRAGM:
Dome-shaped
muscle that
separates the
chest cavity
from the
abdomen
DEFINITIONS:
Diaphragm pulls, down, you inhale.
Diaphragm relaxes, you exhale.
The diaphragm and lungs can be
modeled by a balloon in a sealed jar
DEFINITIONS:
• NASAL
CAVITY:
Space behind
the nose which
warms and
moistens the
air you inhale
DEFINITIONS:
• SINUSES:
Air-filled pockets located within the
bones of the face and around the
nasal cavity
Sometimes,
the sinuses
and nasal
cavity are
affected by
allergies and
infections
DEFINITIONS:
• PHARYNX:
The proper
name for
your throat
The Pharynx
(or throat)
has several
different
sections
DEFINITIONS:
• LARYNX:
Upper part of
the respiratory
system which
contains the
vocal cords
The Larynx is sometimes called
the “Voice Box” or Adam’s Apple
The size and shape of your
larynx and vocal cords create
your unique voice
Vocal Cords inside the Larynx
actually look like this:
DEFINITIONS:
TWO BIG TUBES
IN YOUR NECK:
• TRACHEA:
Front tube which
leads to the lungs
• ESOPHAGUS:
Back tube which
leads to the
stomach
FRONT: Trachea to lungs
BACK: Esophagus to stomach
The trachea is also
called the windpipe
The trachea
is kept open
by special
rings of
cartilage!
DEFINITIONS:
• EPIGLOTTIS:
Structure which
prevents food
from entering
the trachea
when you
swallow
See how the epiglottis works?
(purple stuff is food)
DEFINITIONS:
• BRONCHI:
Branches of
the trachea
through which
air enters the
lungs
DEFINITIONS:
• MUCOUS:
A thick, slippery
substance made
inside your lungs
to collect dirt,
dust, and bacteria
• CILIA:
Microscopic, tiny
hair-like projections
which line the
bronchi and sweep
dust, dirt, bacteria
and mucous out of
the lungs
DEFINITIONS:
Dust and dirt stick to the
mucous, then the cilia sweep the
junk out of your lungs
Guess what cigarette
smoking does to the cilia?
Smoking
damages the
cilia, making
infections like
bronchitis
more common
DEFINITIONS:
• BRONCHIOLES:
Smaller and
smaller branches
of the bronchi
DEFINITIONS:
• ALVEOLI:
Billions of tiny
microscopic air
sacs in the lungs
ALVEOLI:
This is where
oxygen enters
the red blood
cells and
carbon dioxide
leaves the
blood
OXYGEN PATH: Nasal Cavity to Pharynx
to Larynx To Trachea To Bronchi To
Bronchiole To Alveoli To Blood Cells!
Cool pictures
You have billions of tiny alveoli
that transport O2 and CO2
PART 2: Label Respiratory
System
Nose and
Nasal Cavity 1.
Mouth 2.
Respiratory
System Label
3.
Pharynx or
Throat
Larynx or 4.
Voice Box
5.
Trachea or
Windpipe
Lung 6.
Right branch 7.
of Bronchi
Left branch
8. of Bronchi
9. Bronchioles
Diaphragm 11.
10. Alveoli
Can you list a few things we did not label?
• Sinuses: Air-filled pockets located
within the bones of the face
• Epiglottis: Prevents food from
going down wrong pipe
• Pleura: Slimy membrane or
coating
• Esophagus: Tube to stomach
• Cilia: Hair-like projections which
line the bronchi
PART 3: Ten Breathtaking
Facts
• You breathe about
5,000 to 10,000
times per DAY.
• That’s about 9 to
20 times every
MINUTE.
Breathtaking Fact #1
Breathtaking Fact #2
SNEEZING the
body's way of
removing an
irritant from the
sensitive mucous
membranes of
the nose.
You have over 600
million ALVEOLI
in your lungs. If
stretched out,
their surface area
would cover a
whole tennis
court!
Breathtaking Fact #3
Breathtaking Fact #4
HICCUPS are sudden
movements of the diaphragm.
They are involuntary. There
are many causes of hiccups:
• The diaphragm may get irritated
• You may have eaten too fast
• Some substance in the blood
could even have brought on the
hiccups.
By The Way:
The strange noise we
make when we
hiccup is partly
caused by the pushed
air hitting the
epiglottis and vocal
cords, which do not
expect the hiccup!
Breathing in HELIUM
makes your voice
change! Helium is
much lighter than air.
Because of this, the
speed (and wavelength)
of sound is much
higher in helium.
Breathtaking Fact #5
Breathtaking Fact #6
We YAWN because of
a shortage of oxygen
in our bodies. The
brain senses this
shortage of oxygen
and sends a message
that causes you to
take a deep, long,
yawning breath.
• You inhale and exhale
about 6 liters of air each
MINUTE. (Around three 2
liter soda bottles each minute.)
• That’s over 8,000 liters
of air each DAY! (Around
4000 two liter soda bottles daily.)
Breathtaking Fact #7
Breathtaking Fact #8
Your LEFT
lung is a bit
smaller than
your RIGHT
lung. This
leaves room for
your heart!
Your breathing is
controlled by your
BRAIN. The brain
stem monitors CO2
in your blood and
regulates breathing
accordingly.
Breathtaking Fact #9
Breathtaking Fact #10
Every time we
exhale, we
breathe out
WATER VAPOR.
We exhale about
half a liter of
water vapor in a
whole day
PART 4: Respiratory System
Diseases
LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH:
1) Heart Disease approx 600,000 deaths
2) Cancer 575,000
3) Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases (Lungs) 138,000
4) Stroke 130,000
5) Accidents 118,000
6) Alzheimer's Disease 83,000
7) Diabetes 69,000
8) Kidney Disease 51,000
9) Influenza and Pneumonia 50,000
10) Suicide 38,000
Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases are
the 3rd Leading Cause of Death in the US
Let’s Learn About:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Colds and Flus
Bronchitis
Allergies
Asthma
Pneumonia
6.
7.
8.
9.
Emphysema
Tuberculosis
Pleurisy
Lung Cancer
1. Colds and Flus:
• Caused by viruses
• Often involve:
– Coughing
– Runny Nose
– Sneezing
– Aches
– Fever
• Swelling of the
bronchi.
• Less room for the
air to get into the
lungs
• Painful, coughing,
tough to breathe
2. Bronchitis
3. Allergies
• Immune system
responses to
pollen, molds,
animals, foods,
and insects
• Bronchi become
blocked and
narrowed
• Often treated
with an inhaler
4. Asthma
5. Pneumonia:
• Deep, dangerous
lung infection
• Can spread all over
the body and lead
to death
• Lungs often fill
with fluid and
white blood cells
• Alveoli are
damaged and
destroyed
• Alveoli never
grow back
• Usually caused
by smoking
6. Emphysema
7. Tuberculosis
• Bacterial lung
infection
• Very contagious
• Skin test to see
if you have
been exposed
• Pleura become
rough, sticky,
due to infection
or injury
• Painful to
breathe
8. Pleurisy
9. Lung Cancer:
• Uncontrolled
growth of
abnormal,
irregular cells
• Almost always
caused by smoking
We’re done with the
Respiratory System!
PART 5: Types of Tobacco
Products
Let’s look at the
different kinds of
tobacco products
• Tobacco is a
broad-leafed
plant
• It grows best in
warm, moist
climates
The leaves are
dried, aged for
2-3 years, and
treated with
various
chemicals
The tobacco is
then formed
into a variety
of products,
such as …
• The most
common tobacco
product in the US
• Cigarettes kill
nearly 500,000
people each year
in the US
1. CIGARETTES:
Cigarettes contain a variety of
poisons and carcinogens
• Meant to be
chewed, dipped,
or sniffed, rather
than smoked
2. SMOKELESS TOBACCO:
• Major risk
of cancer of
the mouth,
tongue, and
throat
2. SMOKELESS TOBACCO:
Smokeless Tobacco Warning Labels:
• WARNING: This product
can cause mouth cancer.
• WARNING: This product
can cause gum disease and
tooth loss.
• WARNING: This product
is not a safe alternative to
cigarettes.
• WARNING: Smokeless
tobacco is addictive.
• Special tobacco made
just for smoking
through pipes
• High risk of cancer of
the mouth, tongue,
and throat
• Often do not inhale
3. PIPES:
Tightly-rolled
bundle of dried
and fermented
tobacco that is
burned so that its
smoke may be
drawn into the
mouth
4. CIGARS:
4-10 times the rate
of lung, mouth,
tongue, and throat
cancer than nonsmokers
Very strong,
unfiltered smoke
4. CIGARS:
One large cigar
can contain as
much tobacco
as a whole
pack of
cigarettes
4. CIGARS:
• Bidis are flavored,
unfiltered
cigarettes from
India
• Clove cigarettes
contain tobacco
and ground cloves
5. SPECIALTY CIGARETTES:
• Some contain seven
times as much
nicotine and twice
as much tar as
regular cigarettes
• Often unfiltered
and very
dangerous
5. SPECIALTY CIGARETTES:
• All tobacco
products have
nicotine
• All are
addictive
• All cause
health
problems
PART 6: Ten Smokin’
Hot Facts
Smokin’ Hot Fact # 1
Cigarette companies spend
more than $15 billion each
year to promote their
products (That’s about $34 million a day!)
Smokin’ Hot Fact # 2
Each DAY in the US,
approximately 4,000
adolescents aged 12-17
try their first cigarette.
Smokin’ Hot Fact # 3
• 60% of people who smoke
started before age 14.
• 90% of people who smoke
started before age 19.
Smokin’ Hot Fact # 4
PREGNANT
WOMEN who
smoke cigarettes
run an increased
risk of miscarriage,
stillborn or
premature infants,
or infants with low
birth weight.
Smokin’ Hot Fact # 5
• The states with the highest smoking
rates are West Virginia, Kentucky
and Oklahoma (over 25% of adults smoke)
• The states with the lowest smoking
rates are Utah, California, and
Hawaii (10%, 13%, 16% of adults)
• In Nevada, about 22% of adults
smoke (22% is the national average)
Smokin’ Hot Fact # 6
Over 3,000 non-smokers
die each year in the US
from long-term exposure
to secondhand smoke
Smokin’ Hot Fact # 7
If a non-smoker
spends one hour
in a smoke-filled
room, he or she
absorbs about
the same
amount of tar
and nicotine
found in one
cigarette
Leading Causes of Death in the US:
1. Heart Disease
2. Cancer
3. Chronic Lung
Diseases
4. Stroke
Smokin’ Hot Fact # 8
Cigarette smoking accounts
for about 1 of every 5 deaths
in the US
Smokin’ Hot Fact # 9
• Tobacco advertising and
promotion campaigns often have
special appeal to young people.
• 83% of teen smokers aged 12-17
choose the three most heavily
advertised brands
Smokin’ Hot Fact # 10
Cigarettes kill more people
each year in the US than War,
AIDS, Car Accidents, Suicide,
Drowning, Heroin, Crack, Fire,
and Murder… Combined.
PART 7: Parts of Cigarette
Smoke
THE BIG THREE:
• Tar
• Nicotine
• Carbon Monoxide
• Many of these
chemicals are
“carcinogens”
• CARCINOGENS
are things that
cause cancer
Have a puff of this …
The three most important
parts of tobacco smoke are:
• Tar
• Nicotine
• Carbon
Monoxide
Tar is the tiny,
suspended,
burnt-up
particles in
cigarette smoke
Constant damage
and irritation
from the tobacco
tar over time is
the cause of
LUNG CANCER.
• Tar also causes
EMPHYSEMA.
• This is when your
alveoli are
destroyed and
never grow back
• This is a jar of tar
from about a year’s
worth cigarettes.
• Think this is good
for your lungs?
• Nicotine is the
addictive part of
tobacco smoke.
• Nicotine makes
it hard for users
to quit smoking.
• Nicotine affects
your brain
chemistry.
• You keep
wanting more
and more.
Nicotine is a
stimulant drug!
–Speeds up the heart
–Constricts blood
vessels
–Raises blood pressure
• Nicotine
increases your
risk of Heart
Attack, Stroke,
and High Blood
Pressure.
This poisonous gas is
found in fire smoke,
car exhaust, factory
exhaust
Lowers the
amount of
OXYGEN
in the blood
• Every cell and
organ of your body
gets less oxygen!
• What does that
lead to?
• Heart Attacks
• Strokes
• Wrinkles the skin
• Pregnancy
complications
Combine Nicotine and
Carbon Monoxide:
• Every cell of your
body gets less blood.
• The blood that gets
there has less oxygen.
• Sound good?
PART 8: Smoking-Related
Health Problems
HOW DOES SMOKING
AFFECT YOU?
Smoking causes
problems on all three
sides of your Health
Triangle!
Physical Problems:
• Physically addicted to nicotine
• More prone to illnesses and infections
• More missed days of work or school
• Harder to exercise and stay fit
• Coughing, shortness of breath
• Heart Disease & Cancer
• Strokes & Bronchitis
• Emphysema
• High blood pressure
• Premature wrinkles
• Yellow teeth, Bad breath
Mental &
Emotional Problems:
• Mentally and emotionally
addicted to nicotine
• Upset you can’t quit
• Feel foolish to spend so much
money on your addiction
• Feel foolish wasting so much
time smoking
• Regret you even started in
the first place
• Anxiety and stress when
trying to quit
Social Problems:
• Yellow teeth and bad breath
• Smell on clothing and in your
home
• Friends and family may be
upset
• Less money to spend on fun
with family and friends
• In separate ‘Smoking Section”
with other smokers
• Might not be able to keep up
with friends in sports
As you can see, cigarette smoking
will seriously affect overall health!
PART 9: Warning Labels
Beginning in
September 2012,
FDA will require
larger, more
prominent cigarette
health warnings on
all cigarette
packaging and
advertisements in
the United States.
That’s
Keith
Richards
• More scary
than a set of
cancer-infested
lungs?
• Possibly
These warnings mark the first change
in cigarette warnings in more than 25
years and are a significant
advancement in communicating the
dangers of smoking.
Let’s Look At Each
Warning Label:
(1) Cigarettes are
addictive
• How addictive are
they?
• “I can quit any time I
want!”
• What’s that hole in
the neck all about?
(2) Tobacco can
harm your
children
• How can it harm
children?
• Is this label
effective? Why?
(3) Cigarettes cause
fatal lung disease
• What diseases are
we talking about?
• Is this label
effective?
• Gross lungs, huh?
(4) Cigarettes
cause cancer
• Why show the
picture of the
mouth?
• What is the
second leading
cause of death
in the US?
(5) Cigarettes
cause strokes and
heart disease
• What’s the
leading cause of
death in the US?
• What’s the fourth
leading cause of
death in the US?
(6) Smoking during
pregnancy can
harm your baby
• How? In what
ways?
• What is that baby
enclosed inside?
Why?
(7) Smoking can
kill you
• Why is this label
effective?
• What’s with the
stitches on the guy’s
chest?
• How many ways can
smoking kill you?
(8) Tobacco
smoke causes
fatal lung disease
to nonsmokers
• How?
• Why is the lady on
the pack crying?
• Is this label
effective? Why?
(9) Quitting
smoking now
greatly reduces
serious risks to
your health
Why might this be
the most effective
label of them all?
1. Which label was the
most effective, in your
opinion? Why?
2. Why do you think the
government has such a
variety of labels
companies must put on
their products?
3. Will people actually look
at these new labels?
Why or why not?
4. Can you think of a label
you would put on
cigarettes packs? What
would it say? What
would the picture be?
Warning
Label:
• What would
you put?
• What would
the picture be?
PART 10: Quitting Smoking
QUITTING SMOKING
IS DIFFICULT
• But there are over 40
million ex-smokers in
the US!
• Let’s look at several
ways to quit smoking
• “Cold Turkey”
means you just quit
all of a sudden.
• No cutting down
slowly, no patches,
no medicines. You
suddenly quit.
1. COLD TURKEY:
• “Cold Turkey” is
the cheapest,
fastest way to quit.
• It also has the
worst withdrawal
symptoms
1. COLD TURKEY:
2. NICOTINE PATCHES:
Nicotine patches
allow nicotine to
be absorbed
through the skin
to help addicts
with withdrawal
symptoms
2. NICOTINE PATCHES:
• Nicotine patches are
made by several
companies
• The user 'steps down'
to lower dose patches
until the final step
down to no patch
• Nicotine is actually
in the gum
• It is absorbed right
through your
cheeks and gums
into your blood
3. NICOTINE
GUM:
• Nicotine gum helps users not to
smoke by giving small amounts of
nicotine.
• Helps users when they have strong
cravings
3. NICOTINE GUM:
4. SLOWY CUTTING DOWN:
The user
smokes fewer
cigarettes each
day until he or
she reaches
just two or
three per day
4. SLOWY CUTTING DOWN:
This lowers a
user’s level of
addiction and
the withdrawal
symptoms are
not as bad
when the user
finally quits
An electrical device
that attempts to
simulate the act of
tobacco smoking
by producing an
inhaled mist which
feels and tastes like
a cigarette
5. ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES:
Most E-Cigarettes consist of (A) LED
Light, (B) Battery, (C) Atomizer, and (D)
Liquid Cartridge.
5. ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES:
• The long-term
health risks of
these devices are
not known.
• They do not have
nicotine, and may
help people quit
5. ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES:
6. SUPPORT GROUPS:
• Quitting by
yourself is hard
• Quitting with
others as a group
can be helpful
6. SUPPORT GROUPS:
• Groups can be
small – you and a
friend or two
• Groups can be big
and part of an
organization or
hospital
• Many people have
quit smoking
through hypnosis
therapy
• Done by licensed
professionals
7. HYPNOSIS:
While hypnotized,
people are given
suggestions which
decrease their
need or desire or
enjoyment of
smoking
7. HYPNOSIS:
8. MEDITATION and
RELAXATION
• These techniques can
help people with the
stress and anxiety of
quitting.
• May help with
withdrawal symptoms
8. MEDITATION and
RELAXATION
• Yoga classes,
stretching, music,
deep breathing, and
visualization tapes
are often used
Using the
money you
save from not
smoking to
reward
yourself
9. REWARDS:
If you had an
extra $100 each
month or $1,500
each year by not
smoking, what
would you do to
reward yourself?
9. REWARDS:
TAKE CARE OF
YOUR LUNGS BY
NOT SMOKING!