Transcript 1.6 Vaccines and antibiotics

What is the first line of defence for the
Immune (Lymphatic) system?
Skin, lining of organs
What part of the first line of defence
helps trap pathogens?
Mucus, phlegm, Hairs (hairlike structures)
What is in your stomach that kills
pathogens?
Strong acid
What is the key player in the Second
Line of Defence for your Immune
system?
White Blood Cells
Why is inflammation our bodies natural
response to an injury or infection? What
does it help do?
Affected area receives more blood
to allow more white blood cells to
arrive. Area’s temperature
increases to help with antibiotic
effects
What is the bodies Third Line of
Defence? What does it help do?
Specialized White Blood
Cells
Helps fight the same
What is the main difference between an
Epidemic and Pandemic?
An epidemic is a disease that spreads
to many people rapidly in an area
(one place). A pandemic is an
epidemic that has spread over several
countries or continents. Global scale
What is:
Developed Immunity
the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or
toxin by the action of specific antibodies or sensitized white
blood cells. The body has been exposed to the pathogen
before.
Natural Immunity
Immune to a disease without previous exposure to
the pathogen (body already contains antigens)
What is a vaccine? What benefits does it
offer? Can you name some illnesses that you
would get a vaccine for?
Vaccine:
A substance that causes an immune
response that prepares the immune
system for future attacks
Four Different types of Vaccines:
Live,
Attenuated
Vaccine
• You are injected with live,
but weakened microbes,
that don’t cause the disease
• Your immune system
responds and remembers
• Receive life-long immunity
after 1-2 shots
Examples:
Measles
Mumps
Chickenpox
Yellow Fever
Inactivated
Vaccines
• You are injected with dead
microbes
• Your immune system
responds somewhat and
remembers
• Receive immunity ONLY if
booster shots are
maintained
Examples:
Hepatitis A
Rabies
Whooping Cough
Subunit
Vaccines
• You are injected with
specific pieces of
microbes
• Your immune system
responds and remembers
• Receive immunity after
several doses
Examples:
Hepatitis B
Flu
Toxoid
Vaccines
• You are injected with
inactivated toxins from
microbes that don’t cause
disease
• Your immune system
responds and remembers
• Receive immunity ONLY if
booster shots are
maintained
Examples:
Tetanus
What do YOU think some benefits
of vaccines are?
With a partner brainstorm some benefits you think
vaccines might offer. Why are these things good?
Benefits of vaccines
Individual
Immunity
you avoid getting horribly sick all the time
Benefits of vaccines
Individual
Immunity
you avoid getting horribly sick all the time
Population
Immunity
If everyone is vaccinated, the disease cant
spread, even if a few are vaccinated
Benefits of vaccines
Individual
Immunity
you avoid getting horribly sick all the time
Population
Immunity
If everyone is vaccinated, the disease cant
spread, even if a few are vaccinated
Disease eradication If everyone is vaccinated, the disease has no
where to go, so it dies out (like smallpox – last
case in 1977)
Benefits of vaccines
Individual
Immunity
you avoid getting horribly sick all the time
Population
Immunity
If everyone is vaccinated, the disease cant
spread, even if a few are vaccinated
Disease eradication If everyone is vaccinated, the disease has no
where to go, so it dies out (like smallpox – last
case in 1977)
Economic savings Billions of dollars saved in the health care
system. Treating disease is expensive
Sometimes people choose not to vaccinate because severe
reactions are possible:
- High fever
- Severe allergic reaction
- Brain infection (meningitis)
These reactions are VERY RARE.
These possible side effects for each vaccine are Different
Over the last decade, it has been scientifically proven countless times that
vaccines do NOT cause two side effects that have been popularized on social
media:
Leukemia
And
Autism
What are antibiotics? What benefits do
they offer? Can you name some illnesses
that you would take antibiotics for?
Antibiotics:
- Chemical that affect bacteria
- Kills bacteria (some dissolve cell membrane)
- Prevent bacteria from growthing/reproducing
- DOES NOT WORK ON VIRUSES
Many antibiotics were discovered from:
- Plants
- Fungi
- Algae