Transcript dna Hunter 2

Dr William Bird MRCGP MBE
25 February2015
Get Berkshire
Active
Training Day
If we take an hour to equal 1,000 years,
then four days is 100,000 years – the time
from the origin of mankind to today
4 days
ago
10 hours
ago
4 hours
ago
100,000
years ago
hunter
gatherers
10,000
years ago
agriculture
4,000
years ago
civilisation
© 2015 Intelligent Health
9 minutes
ago
10 hours
480
9hours
minutes
seconds
ago ago
ago
ago
10,000
4,000
ago
industrialisation
years
technology
ago
industrialisation years
agriculture
civilisation
Our factory setting is to be in a
sociable group, supportive environment and
have a purpose
People
Sociable
© 2015 Intelligent Health
Place
Green
Purpose
Valued
People
Place
Loneliness
Hostile
Fear and Chronic Stress
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Purpose
Rejection
Nature and the Unborn Child
High
Blood Pressure
in pregnant
women increased
by 14% for every
300 meters away
from green
space
1. Grazuleviciene R et al Int J Environ Res Public Health 2014 11 2958-2972
2. Dadvand P Env Health Perspectives 120 10
© 2015 Intelligent Health
Birth
weight and
baby’s head
size were larger
within the 500
metres of
green space
Green Space reduces Health Inequalities
Incidence Rate Ration
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
No green
Little green
Some green
More green
Very green
Linear (Middle
Income)
Linear (Lowest
Income)
Exposure to green
Highest
Income
Middle
Income
Lowest
Income
Linear (Highest
Income)
Mitchell, R. and Popham, F. (2008) Effect of exposure to natural environment on health inequalities:
an observational population study. The Lancet 372(9650):pp. 1655-1660.
© 2015 Intelligent Health
Chronic
Stress
Anxiety and
depression
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Physical
Inactivity
Poor diet
Chronic Stress
Stress
Hormones
Physical
Inactivity
And other
poor health
behaviours
Chronic Inflammation
Mitochondria as a key component of the stress response. Manoli et al. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism Vol 18 No 5 2007
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Inactivity causes inflammation
1.
Increases
visceral fat
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2.
Reduces antiinflammatories
3.
Damages
healthy cells
Inactivity: trilogy of inflammation
1.
Increases
visceral fat
© 2015 Intelligent Health
2.
Reduces antiinflammatories
3.
Damages
healthy cells
Reducing inflammation – fat
Variation in visceral fat
content in men with the
same waist circumference
Visceral fat = 0.5 L
Visceral fat = 1.1 L
Visceral fat = 1.2 L
Visceral fat = 1.3 L
Visceral fat = 1.7 L
Visceral fat = 1.8 L
Visceral fat = 4.2 L
Visceral fat = 4.3 L
© 2015 Intelligent Health
Visceral fat reduction with exercise
Fat loss after 13 weeks of walking 60 mins a day and no weight loss
Lean
% Loss of Fat
0
Obese
–5
–10
–15
–20
–25
Subcutaneous Fat
Lee S et al. J Appl Physiol 2005;99:1220-1225
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Visceral Fat
Type 2 Diabetes
Inactivity: trilogy of inflammation
1.
Increases
visceral fat
© 2015 Intelligent Health
2.
Reduces antiinflammatories
3.
Damages
healthy cells
Reducing inflammation – muscles
Contracting
muscles
release powerful
anti-inflammatories
called Myokines
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These
Myokines
Circulate
around the
whole body
calming every
cell
Inactivity: trilogy of inflammation
1.
Increases
visceral fat
© 2015 Intelligent Health
2.
Reduces antiinflammatories
3.
Damages
healthy cells
Inside a healthy cell
Chromosomes
keep dividing
Immune
system is
switched off
until needed
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Mitochondria,
healthy
and active.
Providing lots
of energy
‘The mitochondria is like a dynamo,
it has to keep moving ...
... and in the body they
weigh as much as a car battery’
Prof Mike Murphy,
MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit Cambridge University
© 2015 Intelligent Health
Sedentary, high fat diet and stress
Oxidative Phosphorylation
AntiOxidants
Reactive
Oxidative
Species
Mitochondrial DNA
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Mitochondria
Physically active, low fat and not stressed
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Reactive
Oxidative
Species
AntiOxidants
Mitochondrial DNA
© 2015 Intelligent Health
Mitochondria