Transcript disease
What could you do to help prevent the spread of communicable (spreadable) diseases? Chapter 18- Communicable Diseases (pages 478-491) Define the following. Disease- a condition that interferes with the proper functioning of the body. Communicable disease- disease that can be passed to a person from another person, animal, or object. Pathogens- disease-causing organisms that are so small they can only be seen through a microscope. Infection- a condition that occurs when pathogens enter the body, multiply, and cause harm. 4 Types of Pathogens. Define the following and give an example of what disease each may cause. 1.virus- the smallest pathogens. Ex.cold,flu 2.Bacteria tiny one-celled organisms. Ex. strep, pneumonia 3.fungi- organisms that are more complex than bacteria, but cannot make their own food. Ex. ringworm, athlete’s foot 4.protozoa- One-celled organisms that are more complex than bacteria. Ex.malaria How do Pathogens Spread? * Direct contact with others. (Ex.shaking hands, kissing) * Indirect contact with others.(Ex.sharing glasses, utensils,needles) * Contact with contaminated food. (Ex. contaminated, undercooked, or improperly stored food) * Contact with animals or insects. (Ex. Lyme disease, West Nile virus. vector- an organism, such as an insect, that transmits pathogens. Define the following. hygiene- cleanliness. immune system- combination of body defenses made up of the cells, tissues, and organs that fight off pathogens and disease. Immunity- your body’s ability to resist the germs that cause a particular disease. The Body’s 5 Major Barriers from Pathogens. 1. Tears (protect eyes from dust and carry foreign material from eyes) 2. Mucous Membranes (soft skin that lines body openings and coated with mucous, which traps pathogens) 3. Saliva (washes germs away from teeth and contains pathogen-killing chemicals) 4.Skin (provides a tough, outer protective surface. Pathogens can get in through a cut) 5. Stomach acid (gastric juice that kills many pathogens that make it past your saliva and mucous membranes in your mouth) Define the following. inflammation- the body’s response to injury or disease, resulting in a condition of swelling, pain, heat and redness. lymphatic system- a secondary circulatory system that helps the body fight pathogens and maintains its fluid balance. lymphocytes- the white blood cells in the lymphatic system. antigen- any substance released by invading pathogens. antibodies- proteins that attach to antigens, keeping them from harming the body. vaccine- a preparation of dead or weakened pathogens that causes the immune system to produce antibodies. What is the proper way to wash your hands? Be specific. Do you think a hand dryer or paper towel are more effective at removing pathogens? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ELm7V jrFg4&feature=related&safety_mode=true& persist_safety_mode=1 (Bill Nye) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFUzbF_ Do you know anyone with a noncommunicable disease (diabetes, cancer, heart disease)? If so, what disease and how do they manage the disease (ex. diet, exercise)? Can you think of any celebrities who have had one? Diseases that cannot be spread from person to person. EX: You cannot catch Diabetes from someone who has this disease. all disorders that are present when the baby is born. EX: Cystic Fibrosis, spinda bifida, down syndrome Cystic fibrosis the passing of traits from parents to their children. EX: Muscular Dystrophy a disease characterized by the rapid and uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. It can affect people of all ages. 2nd leading cause of death in the U.S. a mass of abnormal cells. Tumors can be: ◦ Benign: Not Cancerous ◦ Malignant: Cancerous The removal of a sample of tissue from a person for examination. Change in bowel or bladder habits. A sore that does not heal. Unusual bleeding or discharge. Thickening or lumps in the body. Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing. Obvious change in mole or wart. Nagging cough or hoarseness. Surgery Radiation Therapy Chemotherapy any condition that weakens the heart and blood vessels and makes them less functional. Arteriosclerosis: A group of disorders in which arteries harden and become more rigid. Atherosclerosis: occurs when fatty substances in the blood build up on the walls of the arteries. Hypertension: pressure of the blood on the walls of the blood vessels stays at a level that is higher than normal. Stroke: condition that occurs when an artery of the brain breaks or becomes blocked. Heart Attack: blood flow to the heart is reduced or blocked. Angioplasty: an instrutment is inserted into a blocked artery to clear blockage. Medications Pacemakers Bypass/Heart Valve Surgery Heart Transplants a disease that prevents the body from converting food into energy. Their bodies do not produce/properly use Insulin. Insulin: a protein made in the pancreas that regulates the level of glucose in the blood. Type 1: the immune system attacks insulinproducing cells in the pancreas. (Often starts in childhood) Type 2: the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. (90-95% of diabetes have type 2, usually begins in adulthood) Healthy Eating Weight Management Insulin Injections Medical Care is a disease of the joints marked by painful swelling and stiffness. ◦ More then 40 million people in the United States have arthritis. Osteoarthritis: disease that results from a Rheumatoid arthritis: a chronic disease breakdown in cartilage in the joints. “wear and tear” arthritis characterized by pain, inflammation, swelling, and stiffness in the joints. Heredity, age, gender, and ethnic group are factors which people have no control. To decrease your risk of disease: Eat healthful foods Stay Physically Active Maintain healthy weight Get enough sleep Manage stress Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs an extreme sensitivity to a substance. Allergens: substances that cause allergic responses. Pollen Food Insect bites or stings Plants Medicine Health Table of Contents 1. Journal 1-3 2. Communicable Diseases Outline 3. Vocabulary-Non-Communicable Diseases 4. Work sheet #3 5. Cancer video-Quiz Avoid the allergen. Take medication. Antihistamines. Get Injections. a condition in which the small airways in the lungs narrow, making breathing difficult. 20 million people in the US have asthma. About 1/3 of those people are under 18. Manage the environment. Manage Stress Take Medication Who do you think is most susceptible to obtaining a communicable disease? Why? How can they reduce their chances of catching something? 1. 2. 3. 4. Health Rules and Regulations Journal #1-#4 Outline-Communicable Diseases Notes/Vocab