Transcript Immunology & Disease

Immunology & Disease
Immunity - defense against pathogenic
organisms and non-self entities
• Non-specific Immunity
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Skin (very effective if unbroken)
Mucous membranes
Tears (lysozyme)
Stomach acid
Phagocytes
Inflammatory response
Specific Immunity
• Natural:
• The result of infection
with a natural pathogen
• Artificial:
• The result of inoculation
with a vaccine
• Ex. You become immune
to a particular variant of
the common cold virus
• Ex. Immunity developed
following the vaccination
of the chicken pox virus
• (most vaccines are
either heat killed viruses
or synthetic antigen
replicates)
Specific Immunity Cont’d
• Active:
• Due to antibodies and
memory cells produced
by the body itself
• Passive:
• Due to antibodies
received from another
organism
• Ex. Rabies shot; mother
to fetus through the
placenta and mother to
newborn via colostrum
AIDS: Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome
• Cause: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Transmission: bodily fluids
– Oral, vaginal, anal sex
– Intravenous drug use (shared hypodermic
needles)
– Crossing placental barrier from Mother to
fetus
– Breast feeding
– Blood transfusions
H.I.V.
Immune Response to Infection
• Barriers to Infection:
– Skin: tough, physical barrier; sebaceous
glands secrete fatty and lactic acid that lower
skin surface pH
– Mucous membranes: nose, trachea, urethra,
vagina….not a strong physical barrier….do
– Possess LYSOZYME in their secretions
– Flushing
– Capture
Level 2: Antibodies
• Proteins that bind to specific antibody
generating substances (ANTIGENS)
Production of Antibodies
• Clonal Selection Theory
Monoclonal Antibodies
Specific Immunity
• Categorized by the presence and
increased production of B and TLymphocytes
Vaccination (+ and -)
• Be able to discuss 3 benefits and 3
dangers of vaccination