Transcript treatment of tumors

TREATMENT OF
TUMORS
Maša Radeljak
Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat
GOALS OF TREATMENT
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Complete removal
Palliation
Amelioration of symptoms
Preservation of quality of life
TREATMENT OF TUMORS
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Surgery
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
Biologic therapy
TREATMENT OF TUMORS
ADJUVANT
• Given after the
primary treatment
• Chemotherapy,
radiation therapy,
biologic therapy
NEOADJUVANT
• First step before
the main treatment
• Chemotherapy,
radiation therapy
SURGERY
• Preventionresection of
premalignant
lesions
• Diagnosisexcisional biopsy,
incisional biopsy,
core-needle
biopsy, fine-needle
aspiration
SURGERY
• Stagingdetermining the
extent of the
disease and
whether it has
metastasized to
regional lymph
nodes
SURGERY - TREATMENT
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Most effective therapy
40%
Complete excision
Local control of tumor
Preservation of organ function
Resection of metastatic disease
Staging information
Mastectomy, prostatectomy, lung cancer
surgery
SURGERY
• Palliationsupportive care,
pain management,
insertion of central
venous catheters,
ascites
• Rehabilitationbreast
reconstruction,
orthopedic
procedures
RADIATION THERAPY
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Target tissue
Genetic material
Free radicals
Oxygen
X-rays and
gamma rays
• Teletherapy,
brachytherapy,
systemic therapy
with radionuclides
TELETHERAPY
• External beam
radiotherapy
• Linear
accelerators
• Most commonly
used form of
radiation
• Breast, head and
neck cancer,
Hodgkin's disease
BRACHYTHERAPY
• Internal
radiotherapy
• Inside or next to
the tumor
• Temporary or
permanent
• Cervical, brain,
skin and prostate
cancer
CHEMOTHERAPY
• Cytotoxic drugs
• Rapidly dividing
cells
• Alkylating agents
• Antimetabolites
• Plant alkaloids and
terpenoids
• Topoisomerase
inhibitors
• Antitumor
antibiotics
• Hormonal agents
TOXICITY
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Nausea
Vomiting
Myelosuppression
Mucositis
Alopecia
Gonadal
dysfunction
BIOLOGIC THERAPY
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Immune mediators
Antibodies
Cytokines
Angiogenesis
inhibitors
REFERENCES
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_treatm
ent
• Harrison: Principles of Internal Medicine