Transcript Immunogenetics

Immunogenetics
chapter 22
select topics
pp. 611-620
Topic Outline
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Overview of the Immune System
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1st and 2nd lines of Defense
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The Immune System
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B cells
The antibody & antibody diversity
Vaccinations
Breast Feeding
Diagnostic applications
T cells
Allergies
Immune System and Lymphoid
Tissue
Let’s take a look at the different
types of Leukocytes
Monocyte
Basophil
Neutrophil
Dendritic Cell
Eosinophil
Lymphocyte
EXAMPLES FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE
Can by physical and chemical
Mucosal lining of GI
Epidermis
Ciliated epithelium of respiratory tract
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Second line of defense include the following
processes:
 Phagocytosis
 Complement
 Interferons
 Inflammation
 Pyrogens
Phagocytosis
Complement Cascade
rd
3
line of defense
“The Immune System”
Summary Lines of Defense
INNATE
ACQUIRED
Immune System
B cells
T cells
Lymph nodes are contain high concentrations lymphocytes
Let’s look more closely at the B lymphocytes
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B Cell: humoral or antibody mediated immunity
ANTIBODIES=IMMUNOGLOBULINS
Humoral Immunity
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Matures in bone marrow
Moves to lymph nodes (& other locations)
Secretes antibodies “as plasma cell”
Also creates “memory” B cells
B-lymphocyte
CLONAL SELECTION
Different classes of
immunoglobulins or antibodies
IgA
IgM
IgG
IgD
IgE
Antibody Diversity
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How do we acquire so many different types of antibodies?
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Somatic recombination
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Junctional diversity
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hypermutations
VJC
Antibody genes are
composed of segments
Somatic Recombination
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http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/Imm
unology/Flash/somaticrecomb.html
How are vaccinations related to immunity?
Active and Passive
Active Vaccinations: Antibody Production
Memory Cells!
Onto T Cells
The next part gets tricky
All T cells require cell to cell contact
CD8+
CD4+
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter24/animation__cytotoxic_t-cell_activity_against_target_cells__quiz_2_.html
T Cells
These are some of the
General characteristics of the T
Cell receptor for antigen recognition.
VJC (D)
+ D in the beta chain
Cytotoxic T Cell and MHC I
Antigen presentation
CD8+ cell
Cytotoxic T cell= CD8+
Cytotoxic T cell= CD8+
Tissue Transplantation
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MHC proteins differ between individuals
The major histocompatibility
complex
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is a large group of genes on chromosome 6
Helper T Cell and MHC II
Antigen presentation
B lymphocytes source
of antibodies
Overview of T lymphocytes
Cancer cell being attacked by cytotoxic T cells
After release of perforin
Allergic
Response I.
Allergies
B cell also directly
stimulated
IgE