Transcript IMMUNE SYSTEM SPECIFIC DEFENSE

Warm-up 5/20:
• Why are the white blood cells called T-cell & B-cells?
• Which cells are involved in the cell mediated specific
immune response?
• Which cells are involved in the humoral specific immune
response?
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primary: 1st time body encounters pathogens
secondary: 2nd time body encounters pathogen
with memory cells (leftover B-cells and T-cells)
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Some B-cells become memory cells (Body’s long
term defense system)
 When exposed to a pathogen a 2nd time memory
cells immediately recognize and destroy it before it
causes illness.
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Immunity: ability to resist an infectious
disease
Vaccination: introduction of antigens into
body to cause immunity
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Vaccine: solution of dead or weakened
pathogens that contains pathogens
 Antigens in vaccine produce a primary immune
response
 Memory cells are created & provide quick
secondary immune response if antigen enters
body again.
Some Diseases that have been controlled
through vaccines: polio, measles, mumps,
tetanus, and small pox
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Allergies & Autoimmune diseases are the result of
an immune system attacking something harmless.
 Allergy – immune response to an antigen that is not
a pathogen
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 Include physical responses (itching, swelling, sneezing, &
death if severe)
Asthma – respiratory disorder triggered by
antigens, swelling of the respiratory pathways
 Autoimmune Disease – the immune system
attacks one’s own healthy cells
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pp. 970-972
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HIV: human immunodeficiency virus: Virus
AIDS (acquired immune deficiency
syndrome): Disease weakened immune
system caused by the infection of HIV
HIV ≠ AIDS
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caused by a retrovirus
1. has enzymes to
transcribe its RNA to
DNA
2. new DNA inserted into
host cell’s DNA
3. host cell now makes
proteins to assemble
more HIV viruses
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Infects helper T-cells and macrophages (CD4
protein receptor cells)
Why is this so bad?
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Transmission: through fluid containing the
virus or cells with the virus (blood, sexually,
breast-feeding)
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AIDS
p.972
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Course of the disease: AIDS (acquired
immune deficiency syndrome)
Phase I: (asymptomatic) few or no
symptoms
Phase II: worsening of symptoms
Phase III: T-cell count goes below 200
cells/mL (normal 600-700)
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Opportunistic infections:
diseases that only strike
because of a weakened
immune system
EX. Kaposi’s sarcoma,
candidiasis, taxoplasmosis,
tuberculosis, pneumonia
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Treatments and vaccines
A. mutates and evolves very quickly which
makes it difficult to make a vaccine
B. treatment consists of “cocktails” with
some patients taking up to 50 pills a day
(very expensive!)
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Due Wednesday Non-Specific Immune
Response Poster
Due Thursday: Pathway of immune response.
Colored cut out and reordered in notebook.
Study Guide Due Thursday
Exam Friday
 Intervention Wednesday & Thursday After School
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Initial Response
Cell Mediated
Humoral
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