Transcript Review of Blood type and Rh

Review of Blood type and Rh
Blood types and Blood groups
 Blood Types- two parts the ABO part and
the Rh part.
 A, B, O specify the types of proteins found on
RBC’s.
 Rh factor is most important factor in Rh disease
 Rh factor group of proteins that occur only on
the surface of RBC’s.
 Rh factor present on RBC’s then you are Rh
positive
 Rh factor absent on RBC’s then you are Rh neg.
 Here’s a link that reviews blood typing
Rh isoimmunization
 Rh isoimmunization occurs when an
Rh negative mother has an Rh
positive child
 causes the destruction of the infant’s red
blood cells (anemia) during pregnancy
and after birth
Rh disease
 What happens
 The immune system recognizes foreign cells (rh
positive cells that have transferred from fetus to
mother through the placenta) and sets out to
destroy the invading cells by forming antibodies
to recognize future foreign cells to fight off
invasion.
 Antibodies are produced after the first delivery
so first baby is unaffected.
 Future pregnancies are at risk b/c the body
recognizes a fetus with positive blood type as a
foreign invasion and the immune response will
destroy fetal blood cells. (causing fetal anemia
and increase risk for fetal death)
Rh isoimmunization Prevention
 Mother given anti Rh gamma globulin
(RhoGAM) at 28 weeks gestation and
within 72 hours after delivery,
miscarriage, ectopic and for
abortions.
 Prevents the formation of antibodies that
might affect future infants.
 **RhoGAM only affective if mother has not
already developed antibodies to rh positive
blood type.
Care Plan for Hemolytic Disease
Severity Zone 1
mild
Zone II Upper
Zone
Zone II III
moderate
moderate to
severe
severe
Management amnio for
delta-OD
450
every 4-5
weeks
amnio for
delta-OD
450
every 1-2
weeks
amnio for
delta-OD
450
every 1-2
weeks
fetal blood
transfusion
Delivery
37
weeks
34-36 weeks deliver at
if fetal lungs once if fetal
lungs are
are mature
mature
at term