Transcript History of Immunology

Medical Immunology
Department of Immunology
Yiwei Chu
[email protected]
2010-4-19
Medical Immunology
 One of the six-year undergraduate professional
courses
 Overview of the immune system, immune response
and regulation, immune diseases
 Basic immunological theory (theory course)
 Immunochemical and cellular techniques
(experimental course)
Department of Immunology
Textbook
 Textbook: Cellular and Molecular Immunology
(Fifth Edition), Abul K. Abbas,
Andrew H. Lichtman
 Reference: Immunobiology (Sixth Edition),
Charles A Janeway
 Credit: Comprehensive evaluation combining the
theory examination and the experimental report
Department of Immunology
Department of Immunology
 Established in the autumn of 1987, one of the first
University Departments in the world devoted
specifically to the study of the immune system. (Yale,
in 1988)
 A strong team with rich experiences in teaching and
research
Department of Immunology
Department of Immunology
Yiwei Chu
Wei Xu
Rui He
Yunlu Lin
Qing Lu
Xiaowu Hong
Bo Gao
Haifeng Gao
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Chapter 1
General Properties of Immune
Responses
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Content
1. History of Immunology
2. Innate and Adaptive Immunity
3. Adaptive Immune Responses
Department of Immunology
History of Immunology
IMMUNITY ←← IMMUNIS (EXEMPT)
 Derived from the Latin word
 Protection from legal prosecution
 Now, in medical terms, it denotes resistance
to reinfection/free of disease.
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History of Immunology
Thucydides (430 BC)
 Plague of Athens
 “Yet it was with those who had recovered from the
disease that the sick and the dying found most
compassion. These knew what it was from
experience, and had now no fear for themselves; for
the same man was never attacked twice - never at
least fatally”
 Resistance to re-infection-Immunity
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Define of Immunology
IMMUNITY
---protection from disease (infectious disease)
IMMUNE SYSTEM
--- organ, cell, molecule and gene
IMMUNE RESPNSE
--- response to the foreign substances
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Define of Immunology
IMMUNE FUNCTIONS
---immune defence (infectious disease)
--- immune surveillance
--- immune homeostasis
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Define of Immunity
Immunity refers to mechanisms used by the
body as protection against environmental
agents that are foreign to the body
 Microorganisms
 Foods
 Chemicals, Drugs, Pollen etc.
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History of Immunology
Smallpox
Smallpox is a disease caused by the Variola major virus. Smallpox
spreads very easily from person to person. Symptoms are flu-like and
include high fever, fatigue and headache and backache, followed by a rash
with flat red sores.
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History of Immunology
Smallpox inoculation or variolation is a great
invention of medicine in ancient China.
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History of Immunology
Edward Jenner memorial hall
Edward Jenner(1749－1823)
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History of Immunology
Preparation of smallpox
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History of Immunology
Edward Jenner

Chinese-Variolation

Prophylactic measure
against Smallpox

1798-Cow Pox/Vaccinia
Induced Protection Against
Small Pox-Vaccination

2 Centuries to Eradicate Small
Pox

Greatest Triumph in Modern
Medicine
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History of Immunology
The announcement by
the WHO in 1980 that
smallpox was the first
disease that had been
eradicated worldwide
by a program of
vaccination
Department of Immunology
History of Immunology
Department of Immunology
History of Immunology
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
1880 Vaccine
1881 Vaccine to Anthrax
1885 Vaccine to Rabies
Department of Immunology
History of Immunology
Discovery of Humoral Immunity
 1890 von Behring and
Kitasato:



Filtrates from cultures
of Clost. tetani can
confer protection.
Serotherapy
Serum of vaccinated
people had substances
that specifically bound
to the relevant
pathogen (ANTIBODIES)
Emil Adolf von Behring, 1854-1917
A German bacteriologist
Department of Immunology
History of Immunology
430 B.C. Thucydides
People have been sicked free from illness
Song dynasty A divine doctor Emei Mountain
Variolation
1798
Jenner
Vaccination
1880
Pasteur
Attenuated chicken cholera vaccine
1890
Behring/Kitasato
Antitoxin ―Humoralimmunity hypothesis
1883
Metchnikoff
Endocytosis - Cytoimmunity hypothesis
1905
Pirquet/Schick
Horse serum sickness (Hypersensitivity)
1945
Owen/Burnet
Immune tolerance hypothesis
1959
Burnet
Clonal selection hypothesis
Department of Immunology
History of Immunology
Department of Immunology
WHAT is the immune system?
Complex defense system
Physiological function is to

Prevent infections

Eradicate established infections
Self/Nonself discrimination
Department of Immunology
Who has an immune system?
 ALL animals.
 Vert-Invert systems: analogous
 Various vert systems: homologous
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Who has an immune system?
Department of Immunology
Severe Fungal
Infection in a
Fruit Fly.
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How Does Immune System Work?
foreign agent
use preformed
components to nonspecifically clear
the agent
produce specific
components directed
against the agent
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Content
1. History of Immunology
2. Innate and Adaptive Immunity
3. Adaptive Immune Responses
Department of Immunology
Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Department of Immunology
Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Innate Immunity
a. Physical and chemical barriers
b. Phagocytic cells and NK cells
c. Blood proteins
d. Cytokines
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Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Adaptive Immunity
a. Lymphocytes and their products
b. Antigen
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Innate and Adaptive Immunity
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Adaptive Immune Responses
Cardinal
Features
Types
Cellular
Components
Phases
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Adaptive Immune Responses
Types
 Humoral immunity
 Cell-mediated immunity
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Types of
Adaptive
Immunity
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How can immunity be induced in an individual?
Yes
(T cells)
Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
Cellular
Components
Cardinal
Features
Phases
Types
Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
Phases
Cellular
Components
Cardinal
Features
Types
Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
Cellular Components
• Lymphocytes
- B, Th, CTL, NKT
• Antigen-presenting cells(APCs)
- DC, Mj, B
• Effector cells
- Activated T cells, mononuclear phagocytes
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Adaptive Immune Responses
Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
Types
Phases
Cardinal
Features
Cellular
Components
Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
Phases
 Recognition of antigen
 Activation of lymphocytes
 Effector phase of immune responses:
Elimination of antigen
 Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses
Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
 Recognition of antigen
 Activation of lymphocytes
 Effector phase of immune responses:
Elimination of antigen
 Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses
Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
 Recognition of antigen
 Activation of lymphocytes
 Effector phase of immune responses:
Elimination of antigen
 Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses
Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
 Antigen
 Microbial products or
components of innate
immune responses to
microbes
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Adaptive Immune Responses
 Recognition of antigen
 Activation of lymphocytes
 Effector phase of immune responses:
Elimination of antigen
 Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses
Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
Elimination of antigen by antibody
Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
Elimination of antigen by T cells
Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
 Recognition of antigen
 Activation of lymphocytes
 Effector phase of immune responses:
Elimination of antigen
 Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses
Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
At the end of an immune respose,
the immune system returns to its
basal resting state,in large part
because most of the progeny of
antigen-stimulation lymphocytes
die by apoptosis.
Department of Immunology
Behring
Koch
Landsteiner Theiler
Dausset
Benacerraf
Metchnikoff
Bovet
Jerne
Burnet
Ehrlich
Medawar
Tonegawa Thomas
Porter
Murray
Richet
Edelman
Bordet
Snell
Doherty Zinkernagel
Department of Immunology
Department of Immunology
Thank you!
Department of Immunology