Transcript The RESPIRATORY System

The
Lymphatic
System
Functions of the Lymphatic System
• Provide immunity to the body by protecting
against disease
• Identify and kill pathogens and tumor cells
Structures of the Immune System
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Tonsils
Lymph vessels
Lymph nodes
Thymus
Spleen
Appendix
Peyer’s patches
Bone marrow
Tonsils and Adenoids
• Lymphoid tissue located
on either side of the
throat
• Destroy harmful
organisms that enter the
body through the mouth
Lymph Vessels
• Similar to veins in
the Cardiovascular
system
• One directional,
towards the heart
• Have valves
• Fluid from
interstitial spaces
flow into lymph
vessels
Lymph vessels
• Fluid from interstitial spaces flow into lymph
vessels
• Fluid is pushed through the lymph vessels by
skeletal muscle contractions
• Eventually the fluid is dumped into the
internal jugular and subclavian veins of the
circulatory system
Lymph Nodes
• Filters or traps foreign
particles
• Contain white blood
cells
• Found throughout the
body along the
lymphatic vessels
Thymus
• Located posterior
to the sternum
• Decreases in size
after the age of two
once the immune
system is well
established
• Where T-cells
mature
Spleen
• The largest lymph organ
• Similar to lymph nodes but much larger and
filled with blood
• Serves as a reservoir for blood
• Filters or purifies the blood and lymph
Appendix
• Located off inferior edge of the large intestine
in the right lower quadrant
• In early years it produces antibodies and is
the location of some B cell maturation
• In adults lymphatic tissue accumulates until
the person’s 30s, then decreases and almost
disappears by age 60
• In adulthood it has a similar function to the
Peyer’s Patches, to eliminate pathogens in
digesting food
Appendix
Peyer’s Patches
• Located in small intestine, primarily the Ileum
• Similar to lymph node
• Control the amount of bacteria and
pathogens in the gastrointestinal track
Bone Marrow
• Found within bones
• Contains tissue that produces T-cells and
B-cells
• Location of B-cell maturation
T-Cells
• Helper T-cells recognize a foreign cell and
activate the B-cells
• Killer T-cells destroy foreign cells by breaking
holes in the cell membrane
• Suppressor T-cells slow down B and T-cells
when the number of invading cells has
decreased
B-Cells
• Plasma cells make antibodies that fight
invading cells. They recognize and
inactivate them. These cells stay around for
days
• Memory B-cells remember the invading cells
for afterwards. When the same invading
cells are seen again later these cells activate
the immune response quickly and intensely
Blood Typing
• There are more than 30 antigens found on
blood cells
• The most common typing groups are the
ABO group and the Rh group (the +/-)
Diseases and
Disorders
Immune System
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
• HDN
• When the mother is Rh- and the fetus is Rh+, blood
from the fetus enters the mother’s blood during
birth. The mother’s body recognizes the foreign
antigens and makes antibodies to fight them off.
• The first Rh+ fetus usually has no trouble, but any
of the following fetuses (if Rh+) will cause a
massive secondary reaction in the mother and the
antibodies will kill off the fetuses blood.
• To prevent this, Rh- mothers are given Rh
antibodies during the pregnancy that stop her
bodies natural reaction.
AIDS
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Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Contagious disease comprising the immune system
Caused by the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV)
Capable of becoming multi drug-resistant
AIDS is the final stage of the HIV infection
Average incubation period for AIDS development is
10 years from point of infection
Characterized by opportunistic infections
There is no cure
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Affects T cells within the
immune system
• Attacks the RNA of the
T cell
• Causes the T cell to alter
its DNA to become HIV
• When infected T cell
replicates, the T cell
creates more HIV
Lupus
• Chronic,
inflammatory,
autoimmune
disorder affecting
many organ systems
• Body’s defenses are
turned against itself
and immune cells
attack healthy
tissues
Mononucleosis
• Also known as the
kissing disease
• Infectious
inflammatory disease
caused by the
Epstein-Barr virus
• Most commonly
affects young adults
between the ages of
15 and 25
Careers
• Microbiologist
• Epidemiologist
• Ethicist
Careers
Microbiologist
• Scientist which investigate the growth, structure,
development, and other characteristics of microscopic
organisms
– Includes medical microbiologists who diagnose and treat
microorganisms in patients
• Masters- Doctorate degree
• Work in universities, hospital and clinic labs, government
agencies, public health and parmaculticals
• Average salary in UT $55,000 ($65,000 in US)
• Microbiology Song
• What Micriobiologist Do
Careers
Epidemiologist
• Identify and track diseases as they occur in groups of
people
• Determine risk factors, evaluate and develop methods of
treatment for epidemics
• Masters degree (usually in Public Health)
• Average UT salary $54,000 (61,000 in US)
• Work for State Agencies, Health Department,
Government and Hospitals
• Epidemiology- Past, Present and Future 4 min
• What Epidemiologist Do
Careers
Ethicist
• Specializes in ethics
– Create balance between science and ethics
– Safe gaurd malpractice in the field of medicine, treatment
and research
• Bachelors degree in bioethics, medical ethics or medical law
• Work in hospitals, medical ethics committees, and research
organizations
• Average salary $46,000
• Hospital Ethics Committee
• Having a child to save your child
• The Office- Ethical Clips
Word Parts
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Splen/o- spleen
Path/o-disease
Hist/o- tissue
-pathy - disease
-cele - swelling or tumor
• MALT -Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
Vocabulary
• Antigen- protein marker on a cell
• Antibodies-made in response to foreign
antigens
• Axillary-the armpit
• Immunity- protected from a disease
• Lymph- fluid found in lymphatic vessels
• Lymphocyte- lymphatic cell
• Pathogen-disease causing agent
• B-cell - lymphoid cell that makes antibodies
• T-cell – lymphoid cell that attacks invading cells