Transcript BF Skinner: Behaviorist He believe behavior is a result of

What the different is between cross sectional
studies and longitudinal studies?
Longitudinal Study: Developmental study where researchers
study the same group of individuals for many years. Can be very
expensive and difficult to conduct
Cross sectional studies: Developmental study where
researchers simultaneously study a number of subjects from different age
groups and then compare the results. Cheaper, easier than longitudinal
studies, but group differences may be due to factors other than
development
Where does the neuron receive information from
other cells?
Parts of the Neuron - Terminals
Behavior Genetics Perspective: is a mixture of
Biological and Behavior perspectives. Nature vs
Nurture
Focus: How much our genes and environment
influence our individual differences.
Sample Questions: Does nature (genetics) or
nurture (environment) play a more prominent
role in our development?
Preservation Theory of Sleep: We sleep at night to
stay safe and rebuild body.
Informational Theory of Sleep: Dreams serve an
important memory- related function by sorting and
sifting through the day’s experiences
BF Skinner: Best known for operant conditioning.
Behaviors were dependent upon what happens
after the response.
Skinner believe behavior is a result of
reinforcement or punishment. He did not like
punishment.
Experimental Group: The subjects in an experiment
who are exposed to the treatment (independent variable)
Control group: Are not exposed to the independent
variable. Results are compared to those of the
experimental group
In Erikson’s Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence,
13-19 years) search for themselves. They are very
self-conscious
Freud’s of the psychodynamic psychology:
Focus: How behavior springs from unconscious drives
and childhood conflicts
Freud’s Stages of Development
Behaviorist define learning: How we learn to do
things or not to do things through reward and
punishment?
Learning is defined as: A relatively permanent
change in behavior due to experience
Psychoactive drugs: Drugs interfere with normal
neurotransmission by Blocking and Binding.
THC is the active ingredient in Marijuana: It
disrupts memory; lung damage from smoke.
Hearing and sight: are two of the senses most
affected by old age?
Psychology is: The scientific study of behavior and
mental processes. Uses scientific research methods.
Behavior includes all observable behavior. Mental
processes include thoughts, feelings and dreams
Piaget stages:
Sensorimotor stage: from birth to age two
Preoperational stage: starts when the child begins to
learn to speak at age two and lasts up until the age of
seven
Concrete operational stage: from ages seven to eleven.
Formal operational stage: from age eleven to sixteen
and onwards
Amygdala: Two almond shaped structures in the brain
that Controls emotional responses such as fear and
anger
Wilhelm Wundt: is known as the father of
psychology because he opened the 1st psychology
laboratory.
Ethical principles established by the American
Psychological Association (APA)?
1. Informed Consent
2. Right to be Protected from Harm and Discomfort
3. Right of Confidentiality
4. Right to Debriefing
Kohlberg’s levels of morality?
1. Preconventionl Moral Reasoning: Characterized by
the desire to avoid punishment or gain reward
2. Conventional Moral Reasoning: Primary concern is
to fit in and play the role of a good citizen
3. Postconventional Moral Reasoning: Characterized by
references to universal ethical principles that represent
the rights or obligations of all people
Humanistic and Psychodynamic psychologist both
use “Talk Therapy” to help the sick.
Pavlov was a classical conditioning psychologist
that is famous for his work with dogs. and his
dogs
Social Learning Theory: States that people learn
from those around them. The culture, the family
the school.
The central nervous system: The brain and spinal
cord. The brain is the location of most information
processing. The spinal cord is the main pathway to and
from the brain
Clinical psychologist
Study and treatment of psychological disorders.
Diagnose and treat patients with psychological
problems
Academic Psychologist: Work in Colleges and
Universities doing research.