Transcript Chapter 3 - Faculty Web Pages

Chapter 3
Computer Software
3 Chapter Contents
Section A: Software Basics
Section B: Popular Applications
Section C: Buying Software
Section D: Installing Software and Upgrades
Section E: Security Software
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3
SECTION
A
Software Basics
Software Categories
Application Software
Utility Software
Device Drivers
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3 Software Categories
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3 Application Software
 Productivity software can
be defined as any type of
application software that
has the potential to help
people do their work more
efficiently
 Groupware is designed to
help several people
collaborate on a single
project using local networks
or Internet connections
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3 Utility Software
 Utility software (a type of
system software) is
designed to help you
monitor and configure
settings for your computer
system equipment, the
operating system, or
application software
 A desktop widget is a
specialized utility program
that appears on a
computer’s screen-based
desktop
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3 Device Drivers
A device driver is
software that helps a
peripheral device
establish
communication with a
computer
Windows Device
Manager
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3
SECTION
B
Popular Applications
Document Production Software
Spreadsheet Software
“Number Crunching” Software
Database Software
Graphics Software
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SECTION
B
Popular Applications
Music Software
Video Editing and DVD Authoring Software
Educational and Reference Software
Entertainment Software
Business Software
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3 Document Production
Software
Assists you with composing,
editing, designing, printing, and
electronically publishing
documents
– Word processing
– Desktop publishing
– Web authoring
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3 Document Production
Software
Document production
software makes it easy
to get your ideas down
on your screen-based
“paper.”
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3 Document Production
Software
Document production software may include:
– Spelling checker
• Spelling dictionary
– Thesaurus
– Grammar checker
– Feature to analyze the reading level
• Readability formula
– Search and Replace feature
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3 Document Production
Software
The format for a document refers to the way
that all elements are arranged on the page
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3 Document Production
Software
By defining a style, you
can apply multiple font
attributes with a single
click.
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3 Document Production
Software
DTP frames give you exact
control over the position of
elements on a page, such
as a figure and a caption on
top of it.
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3 Document Production
Software
Mail merge automatically creates personalized
letters by combining the information in a mailing list
with a form letter
Additional capabilities of word processing software
include:
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Automatically generating table of contents and index
Numbering and positioning footnotes
Providing document templates
Exporting to HTML format
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3 Spreadsheet Software
A spreadsheet uses
rows and columns of
numbers to create a
model or representation
of a real solution
Spreadsheet software,
such as Microsoft
Excel, provides tools
for creating worksheets
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3 Spreadsheet Software
When a cell contains a
formula, it displays the
result of the formula
rather than the formula
itself. To view and edit
the formula, you use the
Formula bar.
You can think of the formula
as working behind
the scenes to perform
calculations and then
display the result.
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3 Spreadsheet Software
A formula tells the computer how to use the
contents of cells in calculations
– Cell references
• Relative reference
• Absolute reference
– Mathematical operators
– Functions
– Automatic recalculations
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3 Spreadsheet Software
As shown in the examples,
relative references
within a formula can
change when you change
the sequence of a
worksheet’s rows and
columns. An absolute
reference is “anchored” so
that it always refers to a
specific cell.
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3 “Number Crunching” Software
Provides a structured environment dedicated
to a particular number crunching task
– Statistical software
– Mathematical modeling software
– Money management software
• Personal finance software
– Tax preparation software
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3 Database Software
A database is a collection of data
– Database software helps you find, organize,
update, and report information stored in a
database
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3 Database Software
Database software
provides tools for
specifying fields for a
series of records.
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3 Database Software
A query language such as SQL (Structured
Query Language) provides a set of
commands for locating and manipulating data
– Natural language query
– Query by example
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3 Graphics Software
Designed to help you
create, manipulate,
and print graphics
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Paint software
Photo editing software
Drawing software
3-D graphics software
CAD software
Presentation software
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3 Graphics Software
A computer-based
presentation consists of
a series of slides,
created with presentation
software.
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3 Music Software
Allows you to make your own digital voice
and music recordings
– Audio editing software
– CD ripper software
– Audio encoding software
– Ear training software
– Notation software
– Computer-aided music software
– MIDI sequencing software
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3 Video Editing and
DVD Authoring Software
Provides a set of tools for
– Transferring video footage
from a camcorder to a
computer
– Clipping out unwanted
footage
– Assembling video segments
– Adding special visual effects
– Adding a sound track
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3 Educational and Reference
Software
Educational software
– Helps you learn and practice new skills
Reference software
– Provides a collection of information and a way to
access that information
– Generally shipped on CD or DVD, or accessed
on the Web
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3 Entertainment Software
Computer games are the most popular type
of entertainment software
– Role-playing
– Action
– Adventure
– Puzzle
– Simulation
– Sports
– Strategy
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3 Business Software
Vertical market software is designed to
automate specialized tasks in a specific
market or business
Horizontal market software is generic
software that just about any type of business
can use
– Payroll software
– Accounting software
– Project management software
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3
SECTION
C
Buying Software
Consumer Basics
Software Copyrights and Licenses
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3 Consumer Basics
Most operating systems include a handful of
small applications and a good variety of
useful utility software
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3 Consumer Basics
A software suite is a collection of application
software sold as a single package
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3 Consumer Basics
Available in many types of stores
Software contained on distribution media
Make sure your computer meets the system
requirements
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3 Software Copyrights and
Licenses
A copyright is a form of legal protection that grants
the author of an original “work” exclusive rights
– Copyright notice
Software licenses define the ways in which you may
use a computer program
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Single-user
Site
Multiple-user
Concurrent
Shrink-wrap
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3 Software Copyrights and
Licenses
A EULA (end-user license agreement) is displayed
on-screen when you first install software
Different types of software licenses
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Commercial software
Demoware
Shareware
Freeware
Open source
BSD
GPL
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SECTION
D
Installing Software and Upgrades
Installation Basics
Installing Local Applications
Installing Portable Software and Web Apps
Software Updates
Uninstalling Software
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3 Installation Basics
Software installation is a process that places
a program into a computer so that it can be
run or executed
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3 Installing Local Applications
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3 Installing Local Applications
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3 Installing Portable Software
and Web Apps
Portable software is designed to run from
removable storage, such as a CD or USB
flash drive
– Installation is simply a matter of getting program
files to the media on which they are supposed to
run
A Web application is software that is
accessed with a Web browser
– May require client-side program to be installed
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3 Software Updates
Software publishers regularly update their software
– Add new features
– Fix bugs
– Update security
Software patches replace part of the software you
currently have installed
Service packs correct problems and address
security vulnerabilities, usually in operating systems
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3 Software Updates
Updates are usually available online for
registered software
Always install patches and service packs
when they become available
Many software publishers require users to
type in a validation code to complete the
installation
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3 Uninstalling Software
Uninstall routines delete the software’s files
from the various folders on your computer’s
hard disk
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3
SECTION
E
Security Software
Security Software Basics
Security Suites
Antivirus Modules
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3 Security Software Basics
Security software is designed to protect computers
from various forms of destructive software and
unauthorized intrusions
The terms malicious software and malware refer to
any computer program designed to surreptitiously
enter a computer, gain unauthorized access to data,
or disrupt normal processing operations
A blended threat describes malware that combines
more than one type of malicious program
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3 Security Software Basics
Computer virus
Computer worm
Trojan horse
– Keylogger
– Remote Access Trojan (RAT)
Bot
– Zombie
– Botnet
Spyware
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3 Security Software Basics
What does malware do?
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3 Security Software Basics
The term rootkit refers to software tools used
to conceal malware and backdoors that have
been installed on a victim’s computer
A virus hoax usually arrives as an e-mail
message containing dire warnings about a
supposedly new virus on the loose
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3 Security Suites
A security suite
integrates several
security modules to
protect against the
most common types of
malware, unauthorized
access, and spam
A security suite costs
less than purchasing
standalone security
modules
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3 Antivirus Modules
Antivirus software is a type of utility software that
looks for and eradicates viruses, Trojan horses,
worms, and bots
– A virus signature is a section of program code, such as a
unique series of instructions, that can be used to identify
a known malicious program, much as a fingerprint is used
to identify an individual
– Virus signatures and other information that antivirus
software uses to identify and eradicate malware is stored
in one or more files usually referred to as virus definitions
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3 Antivirus Modules
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3 Antivirus Modules
 Most experts recommend
that you configure your
antivirus software to
periodically scan all the
files on your computer
 If, during the scanning
process, your virus
protection software
identifies a virus, worm,
Trojan horse, or bot in a file
or attachment, it can try to
remove the infection, put
the file into quarantine, or
simply delete the file
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Chapter 3 Complete
Computer Software