Transcript Computer Software

Computer Software
Chapter Contents
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Section A: Software Basics
Section B: Popular Applications
Section C: Buying Software
Section D: Installing Software and
Upgrades
• Section E: Security Software
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Software Basics
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Software Categories
Application Software
Utility Software
Device Drivers
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Software Categories
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Application Software
• Productivity software can
be defined as any type of
application software that
has the potential to help
people do their work
more efficiently
• Groupware is designed to
help several people
collaborate on a single
project using local
networks or Internet
connections
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Utility Software
• Utility software (a type of
system software) is
designed to help you
monitor and configure
settings for your
computer system
equipment, the operating
system, or application
software
• A desktop widget is a
specialized utility program
that appears on a
computer’s screen-based
desktop
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Device Drivers
• A device driver is
software that helps a
peripheral device
establish
communication with a
computer
• Windows Device
Manager
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Popular Applications
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Document Production Software
Spreadsheet Software
“Number Crunching” Software
Database Software
Graphics Software
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Popular Applications
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Music Software
Video Editing and DVD Authoring Software
Educational and Reference Software
Entertainment Software
Business Software
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Document Production Software
• Assists you with composing,
editing, designing, printing,
and electronically publishing
documents
– Word processing
– Desktop publishing
– Web authoring
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Document Production Software
• Document production software may
include:
– Spelling checker
• Spelling dictionary
– Thesaurus
– Grammar checker
– Feature to analyze the reading level
• Readability formula
– Search and Replace feature
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Document Production Software
• The format for a document refers to the
way that all elements are arranged on the
page
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Document Production Software
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Document Production Software
• Mail merge automatically creates personalized
letters by combining the information in a mailing
list with a form letter
• Additional capabilities of word processing
software include:
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Automatically generating table of contents and index
Numbering and positioning footnotes
Providing document templates
Exporting to HTML format
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Spreadsheet Software
• A spreadsheet uses
rows and columns of
numbers to create a
model or
representation of a
real solution
• Spreadsheet
software, such as
Microsoft Excel,
provides tools for
creating worksheets
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Spreadsheet Software
When a cell contains a
formula, it displays the
result of the formula
rather than the formula
itself. To view and edit
the formula, you use the
Formula bar.
You can think of the formula
as working behind
the scenes to perform
calculations and then
display the result.
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Spreadsheet Software
• A formula tells the computer how to use
the contents of cells in calculations
– Cell references
• Relative reference
• Absolute reference
– Mathematical operators
– Functions
– Automatic recalculations
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Spreadsheet Software
As shown in the examples,
relative references
within a formula can
change when you change
the sequence of a
worksheet’s rows and
columns. An absolute
reference is anchored so
that it always refers to a
specific cell.
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“Number Crunching” Software
• Provides a structured environment
dedicated to a particular number crunching
task
– Statistical software
– Mathematical modeling software
– Money management software
• Personal finance software
– Tax preparation software
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Database Software
• A database is a collection of data
– Database software helps you enter, find,
organize, update, and report information
stored in a database
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Database Software
Database software
provides tools for
specifying fields for a
series of records.
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Database Software
• A query language such as SQL (Structured
Query Language) provides a set of
commands for locating and manipulating
data
– Natural language query
– Query by example
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Graphics Software
• Designed to help you
create, manipulate,
and print graphics
– Paint software
– Photo editing
software
– Drawing software
– 3-D graphics software
– CAD software
– Presentation software
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Graphics Software
A computer-based
presentation consists of
a series of slides,
created with presentation
software.
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Music Software
• Allows you to make your own digital voice
and music recordings
– Audio editing software
– CD ripper software
– Audio encoding software
– Ear training software
– Notation software
– Computer-aided music software
– MIDI sequencing software
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Video Editing and
DVD Authoring Software
• Provides a set of tools for
– Transferring video footage
from a camcorder to a
computer
– Clipping out unwanted
footage
– Assembling video
segments
– Adding special visual
effects
– Adding a sound track
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Educational and Reference
Software
• Educational software
– Helps you learn and practice new skills
• Reference software
– Provides a collection of information and a way
to access that information
– Generally shipped on CD or DVD, or
accessed on the Web
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Entertainment Software
• Computer games are the most popular
type of entertainment software
– Role-playing
– Action
– Adventure
– Puzzle
– Simulation
– Sports
– Strategy
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Business Software
• Vertical market software is designed to
automate specialized tasks in a specific
market or business
• Horizontal market software is generic
software that just about any type of
business can use
– Payroll software
– Accounting software
– Project management software
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Buying Software
• Consumer Basics
• Software Copyrights and Licenses
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Consumer Basics
• Most operating
systems include a
handful of small
applications and a
good variety of
useful utility
software
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Consumer Basics
• A software suite is a collection of
application software sold as a single
package
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Consumer Basics
• Available in many types of stores
• Software contained on distribution media
• Make sure your computer meets the
system requirements
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Software Copyrights and
Licenses
• A copyright is a form of legal protection that
grants the author of an original “work” exclusive
rights
– Copyright notice
• Software licenses define the ways in which you
may use a computer program
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Single-user
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Multiple-user
Concurrent
Shrink-wrap
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Software Copyrights and
Licenses
• A EULA (end-user license agreement) is
displayed on-screen when you first install
software
• Different types of software licenses
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Commercial software
Demoware
Shareware
Freeware
Open source
BSD
GPL
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Installing Software and Upgrades
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Installation Basics
Installing Local Applications
Installing Portable Software and Web Apps
Software Updates
Uninstalling Software
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Installation Basics
• Software installation is a process that
places a program into a computer so that it
can be run or executed
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Installing Local Applications
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Installing Local Applications
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Installing Portable Software
and Web Apps
• Portable software is designed to run from
removable storage, such as a CD or USB
flash drive
– Installation is simply a matter of getting
program files to the media on which they are
supposed to run
• A Web application is software that is
accessed with a Web browser
– May require client-side program to be
installed
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Software Updates
• Software publishers regularly update their
software
– Add new features
– Fix bugs
– Update security
• Software patches replace part of the software
you currently have installed
• Service packs correct problems and address
security vulnerabilities, usually in operating
systems
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Software Updates
• Updates are usually available online for
registered software
• Always install patches and service packs
when they become available
• Many software publishers require users to
type in a validation code to complete an
update
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Uninstalling Software
• Uninstall routines delete the software’s
files from the various folders on your
computer’s hard disk
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Security Software
• Security Software Basics
• Security Suites
• Antivirus Modules
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Security Software Basics
• Security software is designed to protect
computers from various forms of destructive
software and unauthorized intrusions
• The terms malicious software and malware refer
to any computer program designed to
surreptitiously enter a computer, gain
unauthorized access to data, or disrupt normal
processing operations
• A blended threat describes malware that
combines more than one type of malicious
program
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Security Software Basics
• Computer virus
• Computer worm
– Mass-mailing worm
• Trojan horse
– Keylogger
– Remote Access Trojan (RAT)
• Bot
– Zombie
– Botnet
• Spyware
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Security Software Basics
• What does malware do?
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Security Software Basics
• The term rootkit refers to software tools
used to conceal malware and backdoors
that have been installed on a victim’s
computer
• A virus hoax usually arrives as an e-mail
message containing dire warnings about a
supposedly new virus on the loose
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Security Suites
• A security suite integrates several security
modules to protect against the most common
types of malware, unauthorized access, and
spam
• A security suite costs less than purchasing
standalone security modules
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Security Suites
The Norton Protection
Center includes modules
for scanning viruses,
detecting spyware, and
activating a firewall
against unauthorized
intrusions
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Antivirus Modules
• Antivirus software is a type of utility software that
looks for and eradicates viruses, Trojan horses,
worms, and bots
– A virus signature is a section of program code, such
as a unique series of instructions, that can be used to
identify a known malicious program, much as a
fingerprint is used to identify an individual
– Virus signatures and other information that antivirus
software uses to identify and eradicate malware is
stored in one or more files usually referred to as virus
definitions
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Antivirus Modules
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Antivirus Modules
• Most experts recommend
that you configure your
antivirus software to
periodically scan all the
files on your computer
• If, during the scanning
process, your virus
protection software
identifies a virus, worm,
Trojan horse, or bot in a
file or attachment, it can
try to remove the
infection, put the file into
quarantine, or simply
delete the file
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