Transcript NP10_Chapter03

Chapter 3
Computer Software
3 Chapter Contents
Section A: Software Basics
Section B: Popular Applications
Section C: Buying Software
Section D: Installing Software and Upgrades
Section E: Security Software
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SECTION
A
Software Basics
Software Categories
Application Software
Utility Software
Device Drivers
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3 Software Categories
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3 Application Software
 Productivity software can
be defined as any type of
application software that
has the potential to help
people do their work more
efficiently
 Groupware is designed to
help several people
collaborate on a single
project using local networks
or Internet connections
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3 Utility Software
 Utility software (a type of
system software) is
designed to help you
monitor and configure
settings for your computer
system equipment, the
operating system, or
application software
 A desktop widget is a
specialized utility program
that appears on a
computer’s screen-based
desktop
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3 Device Drivers
A device driver is
software that helps a
peripheral device
establish
communication with a
computer
Windows Device
Manager
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3
SECTION
B
Popular Applications
Document Production Software
Spreadsheet Software
“Number Crunching” Software
Database Software
Graphics Software
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SECTION
B
Popular Applications
Music Software
Video Editing and DVD Authoring Software
Educational and Reference Software
Entertainment Software
Business Software
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3 Document Production
Software
Assists you with composing,
editing, designing, printing, and
electronically publishing
documents
– Word processing
– Desktop publishing
– Web authoring
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3 Document Production
Software
Document production
software makes it easy
to get your ideas down
on your screen-based
“paper.”
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3 Document Production
Software
Document production software may include:
– Spelling checker
• Spelling dictionary (common issues?)
– Thesaurus
– Grammar checker
– Feature to analyze the reading level
• Readability formula
– Search and Replace feature
– Sophisticated formatting functions
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Software
The format of a document refers to the way that
all elements are arranged on the page
Typical formatting options include:
– Fonts (type, color, size, underline, bold, italic)
– Alignment (left, right, center, justify)
– Headers and footers
• Titles, page numbers, date, etc.
– Line and paragraph spacing
– Tabs and indentation
– Tables and columns
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3 Document Production
Software
Fonts
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3 Document Production
Software
By defining a style, you
can apply multiple font
attributes with a single
click.
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3 Document Production
Software
Mail merge automatically creates personalized
letters by combining the information in a mailing list
with a form letter (also, other uses)
Additional capabilities of word processing software
include:
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Automatically generating a table of contents and index
Numbering and positioning footnotes
Providing document templates
Exporting to HTML (and other) formats
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3 Spreadsheet Software
A spreadsheet uses
rows and columns of
numbers to create a
model or
representation of a
real solution
Spreadsheet
software, such as
Microsoft Excel,
provides tools for
creating worksheets
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3 Spreadsheet Software
When a cell contains a
formula, it displays the
result of the formula
rather than the formula
itself. To view and edit
the formula, you use the
Formula bar.
You can think of the formula
as working behind
the scenes to perform
calculations and then
display the result.
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3 Spreadsheet Software
A formula tells the computer how to use the
contents of cells in calculations
– Cell references
• Relative reference
• Absolute reference
– Mathematical operators
– Logical operators
– Functions
– Automatic recalculations
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3 Spreadsheet Software
As shown in the examples,
relative references
within a formula can
change when you change
the sequence of a
worksheet’s rows and
columns. An absolute
reference is “anchored” so
that it always refers to a
specific cell.
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3 “Number Crunching” Software
Provides a structured environment dedicated
to a particular number crunching task
– Statistical software (e.g., SPSS, STATISTICA)
– Mathematical modeling software (Matlab)
– Money management software (QuickBooks)
• Personal finance software (Quicken, MS Money)
– Tax preparation software (TaxCut, TurboTax)
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3 Database Software
A database is a collection of data (e.g. ??)
Database software helps you store, find,
organize, update, and report information
stored in a database
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3 Database Software
Database software
provides tools for
specifying fields for a
series of records.
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3 Database Software
A query language such as SQL (Structured
Query Language) provides a set of
commands for locating and manipulating data
– Formal query language
– Natural language query
– Query by example
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3 Graphics Software
Designed to help you
create, manipulate, view
and print graphics
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Paint software
Photo editing software
Drawing software
3-D graphics software
CAD software
Presentation software
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3 Graphics Software
A computer-based
presentation consists of
a series of slides,
created with presentation
software.
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3 Music (Audio) Software
Allows you to make your own digital voice
and music recordings
– Audio editing software
– CD ripper software
– Audio encoding software
– Ear training software
– Notation software
– Computer-aided music software
– MIDI sequencing software
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3 Video Editing and
DVD Authoring Software
Provides a set of tools for
– Transferring digital video
footage from a camcorder to
a computer
– Clipping out (cut) unwanted
footage
– Assembling/organizing video
segments
– Adding special visual effects,
like fade in/out, morphs, etc.
– Adding (and queuing) a
sound track
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3 Educational and Reference
Software
Educational software
– Helps you learn and practice new skills
Reference software
– Provides a collection of information and a way to
access that information
– Generally shipped on CD or DVD, or accessed
on the Web
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3 Entertainment Software
Computer games are the most popular type
of entertainment software
– Role-playing
– Action
– Adventure
– Puzzle
– Simulation
– Sports
– Strategy
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3 Business Software
Vertical market software is designed to
automate specialized tasks in a specific
market or business
Horizontal market software is generic
software that just about any type of business
can use
– Payroll software
– Accounting software
– Project management software
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3 Consumer Basics
A software suite is a collection of application
software sold as a single package
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3 Installation Basics
Software installation is a process that places
a program in computer storage so that it can
be run or executed.
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3 Installation Basics
Configure
(Start)
Install
Load
Hard Drive
(Storage)
RAM
(Memory)
(Run)
Distribution
Media
Execute
CPU
(Processor)
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SECTION
E
Security Software
Security Software Basics
Security Suites
Antivirus Modules
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3 Security Software Basics
Security software is designed to protect computers
from various forms of destructive software and
unauthorized intrusions
The terms malicious software and malware refer to
any computer program designed to surreptitiously
enter a computer, gain unauthorized access to data,
or disrupt normal processing operations
A blended threat describes malware that combines
more than one type of malicious program
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3 Security Software Basics
Computer virus
Computer worm
Trojan horse (looks like what it isn’t)
– Keylogger
– Remote Access Trojan (RAT)
Bot (the malicious kind)
– Zombie
– Botnet
Spyware
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3 Security Software Basics
What does malware do?
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3 Security Software Basics
The term rootkit refers to software tools used
to conceal malware and backdoors that have
been installed on a victim’s computer
– originally, a set of Unix tools
– contemporary use might, for example, disable
virus software and prevent the use of other
system tools
A virus hoax usually arrives as an e-mail
message containing dire warnings about a
supposedly new virus on the loose
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3 Security Suites
A security suite
integrates several
security modules to
protect against the
most common types of
malware, unauthorized
access, and spam
A security suite usually
costs less than
purchasing standalone
security modules
individually
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3 Antivirus Modules
Antivirus software is a type of utility software that
looks for and eradicates viruses, Trojan horses,
worms, and bots
– A virus signature is a section of program code, such as a
unique series of instructions, that can be used to identify
a known malicious program, much as a fingerprint is used
to identify an individual
– Virus signatures and other information that antivirus
software uses to identify and eradicate malware is stored
in one or more files usually referred to as virus definitions
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3 Antivirus Modules
 What can antivirus modules do for you?
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Chapter 3 Complete
Computer Software