Transcript Psychology of Learning EXP4404

Psychology of Learning
EXP4404
Chapter 10: Generalization, Discrimination,
and Stimulus Control
Dr. Steve
Topics Covered
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Generalization
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Discrimination
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Measurement
Semantic Generalization
Discrimination Training
SD vs. SΔ
Procedures
Stimulus Control
Theories of Generalization and Discrimination
Analysis of Behavior
Generalization
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Generalization
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Classical Conditioning
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Operant Conditioning
Generalization
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Generalization is vital to learning and survival and
crucial to research
Increase generalization by learning or practicing in a
variety of settings
Generalization
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Generalization Gradient
Generalization
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Primary vs. Secondary Generalization
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Primary-
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Secondary
Generalization
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Semantic Generalization
Generalization
Generalization of behaviors following
punishment or extinction
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Inhibitory generalization
Responses
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S-
Discrimination
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Discrimination Training
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Training procedure:
1.
Acquisition of response in one situation
1.
Extinction of response in all other situations
Discrimination
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Discrimination Training Methods
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Successive Discrimination Training
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Simultaneous Discrimination Training
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Matching to Sample
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Oddity Matching
Discrimination
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Discrimination Training
S+
SVideo example discrimination training to encourage stair use
Discrimination
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Errorless Discrimination Training
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Differential Outcome Effect
Stimulus Control
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Stimulus Control
Imprecise
Stimulus Control
Precise
Generalization
Discrimination
Stimulus Control
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Variables that effect stimulus control
(Generalization vs. Discrimination)
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Practice
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Schedule of Reinforcement
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Delay of Reinforcement
Goal of Training
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Generalization
Discrimination
Theories of Generalization &
Discrimination
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Discrimination Training characterized by:
Theories of Generalization &
Discrimination
Peak Shift
Behavioral
contrast
S-
Theories of Generalization &
Discrimination
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Pavlov’s Theory
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The more closely a neutral stimulus resembles a CS+,
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If neutral stimulus resembles CS-,
Theories of Generalization &
Discrimination
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Spence’s Theory
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(excitatory gradient)
(inhibitory gradient)
(algebraic summation)
Peak Shift
Excitatory Gradient
Net Gradient
P(Response)
Inhibitory Gradient
S+
250
500
S750 1000
Hz
Theories of Generalization &
Discrimination
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Lashley-Wade Theory
Theories of Generalization &
Discrimination
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Kohler’s Relational Theory
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Transpositional Effect
S+
S-
Discrimination
Training
Learned
“lighter than”
Analysis of Behavior
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Mental Rotation or Discrimination Training?
Analysis of Behavior
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Smoking Relapse
Analysis of Behavior
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Experimental Neuroses
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Type of learned helplessness
E.g., child who can’t figure out how to please mother
(what is considered a properly made bed)