Modern Therapy - Barrington 220
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Transcript Modern Therapy - Barrington 220
Chapter 17: Therapy
Overview of
Modern Therapy
What are the two major approaches to
therapy?
List the four types of psychotherapy.
What is the role of the therapist in
humanistic therapy?
What is the major difference between
humanistic and cognitive therapy?
Definition of treatment
When is treatment
necessary?
Inpatient vs.
outpatient
Psychotherapy vs.
biomedical
Modern Therapy
The
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Medical Model
“Madness” is a mental illness that can be
diagnosed, treated, and cured
Has links to modern insights into genetic
causes of disorders and modern
biomedical treatments
Modern Therapy
The
Bio-Psycho-Social Model
Behavior is the result of interaction
between nature and nurture
– To attribute a disorder to “illness” is to
say that the cause is purely internal
–
Modern Therapy
Two
–
approaches:
Psychotherapy
A planned,
emotionally charged
interaction between a trained, socially
sanctioned healer and the sufferer
Modern Therapy
Two
–
approaches:
Biomedical Therapy
Drug
therapies and medical procedures
designed to cure the mental illness
Modern Therapy
Psychotherapies:
Over 250 types of psychotherapies
exist
– The most influential:
–
Psychoanalysis
Humanistic
}
Therapy
Cognitive Therapy
Behavior Therapy
Insight
Therapy
Modern Therapy
Biomedical
Treatments:
Drug Therapy
– Electro-convulsive shock therapy
– Psychosurgery
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Modern Therapy
Psychoanalysis
Assumptions:
Psychological problems are fueled by
repressed impulses and conflicts
– Analysis brings these thoughts to the
surface which relieves the sufferer of
anxiety
–
Psychoanalysis
Methods:
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Historical reconstruction
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Free association
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Unearth the cause of conflict by reconstructing the past
Say whatever comes to mind on a given topic
Therapist looks for “resistance” in the form of hesitation,
jokes, self-editing, or embarrassment
Therapist interprets the underlying meaning of the
resistance
Transference
Directing your hidden feelings and wishes towards your
therapist
Psychoanalysis
Criticisms:
Based on the assumption that
repressed memories exist
– Interpretations are hard to refute
– Takes a lot of time and money
–
Humanistic Therapy
Humanistic Therapy
Assumptions:
People have an inherent potential for
self-fulfillment
– Helping people grow in selfawareness is the key to mental
health
–
Humanistic Therapy
Methods:
–
Client Centered Therapy
Non-directive
Genuineness,
acceptance, empathy
Active listening
Humanistic Therapy
Criticisms:
One cannot be totally nondirective
– Overly optimistic about human nature
– Cannot help in severe cases
–
Cognitive Therapy
Assumptions:
–
Thinking greatly colors feelings and
actions
Between stimulus and
response there is a space.
In that space is our power
to choose our response. In
our response lies our
growth and our freedom.
Viktor E. Frankl
Everything can be taken from
a man or a woman but one
thing: the last of human
freedoms to choose one's
attitude in any given set of
circumstances, to choose
one's own way.
Viktor E. Frankl
Cognitive Therapy
Cognitive-behavior
interatction
Belief: “I’m not a
good test taker”
Causes
Reinforces
Action: Anxietyinduced poor
test
performance
Cognitive Therapy
Methods:
–
Rational-emotive therapy
Works
to uncover
irrationalities in thought
–
Cognitive-behavior therapy
Addresses
destructive cycle
of thoughts and actions
Cognitive Therapy
Criticisms:
Not effective for severe cases
– Lack of patient buy-in could cause
progress to fail after therapy
–
Behavior Therapies
Assumptions:
The behavior is the problem
– Doubt the healing power of selfawareness
–
Behavior Therapies
Methods:
–
Classical Conditioning
Systematic
desensitization
Aversive conditioning
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Operant Conditioning
Token
economy
Behavior Therapies
Criticisms:
–
–
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Does not get to the root of
the problem
“Cure” only effective during
treatment, when
reinforcement stops so will
appropriate behavior
Ethical concerns of behavior
modification?
Biomedical Therapy
Drug
therapy
Anti-psychotics
– Anti-anxiety
– Anti-depressants
–
Biomedical Therapy
Electro-convulsive
(ECT)
Psycho-surgery
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Lobotomy
shock therapy
Biomedical Therapy
Criticisms
Addresses symptoms without
addressing the cause
– By itself, not as effective in long term
behavior correction
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