Transcript 04. Behaviorism

Classical Conditioning
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Pavlov’s paired associations
S->R
Spontaneous Recovery
Generalization/discrimination
Habituation
Higher Order Conditioning
Superstitious Behavior
Extinction
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning S-R Paradigm
Unconditioned Stimulus
Conditioned Stimulus
Response
Conditioned Response
Extinction
Spontaneous Recovery
Generalization/Discrimination
Habituation
Context effects
Operant Conditioning
Behavior ->Response->Consequence
Reinforcers or Punishers
Satiation and Potency
Positive Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
Presentation Punishment
Removal Punishment
Schedules of Reinforcement, Interval and Ratio, Fixed and
Variable.
Learned Helplessness
Application
• List 5 things that you are classically
conditioned to respond to.
• List 5 things that you have taught your
students to respond to.
• List 3 situations of instrumental
conditioning in your life, in your classroom
life.
How might behavioral
theory be used in the
classroom?
Applications of Behavioral
Theory
•Premack Principle
•Contracts
•Generalization and Discrimination
•Feedback
•Praise
•Looking at Antecedents
•Cues
•Shaping
•Token economies
Which Schedule is it?
•A teacher informs her class that they have thirty addition problems
to complete. After each successive problem completion of ten
problems, the student will be given a token. Each token may be used
to pick one item from the treat box.
•A teacher decided to reward on-task behavior of students during
study time. Using a timer, he recognizes on task behavior on the
following schedule: 3 minutes, 6 minutes, 8 minutes, 1 minute.
•A student just beginning to learn a new behavior. His teacher
decided to recognize this behavior every time that it is displayed.
•The same student becomes more proficient. Therefore, the teacher
decides to recognize the behavior every third time that it occurs.
Effects of Punishment
•Does not eliminate behavior. Punished responses may cease
temporarily but recur at a later time.
•Punishment produces emotional effects--guilt, as conditioned
to the setting where the punishment occurred.
•Behaviors related to reducing or avoiding punishment will be
reinforced.
•Punishment does not illustrate or teach the desired behavior.
•Punishment may model aggression.
•Punishment that is removed from the act is ineffective.
•Corporal punishment may be physically harmful.
•Motive for corporal punishment is often the punisher’s anger.