Transcript Social – Cognitive Theory

Behaviorist Perspective &
Social – Cognitive Theory
Module 43
Skinner Applies to Personality
• Behaviors are
determined by
environmental stimuli
• Personality is, “a
collection of response
tendencies that are tied
to various stimulus
situations”
• Reinforcements
Personality & Operant
Conditioning
• Reinforcement,
punishment, extinction,
etc.
• Tell a joke at a party &
people laugh…
• More likely to tell jokes
• Tell a joke at a party &
no one laughs…
• Don’t tell jokes at parties
anymore
Albert Bandura
• Interaction of persons
and their situations is
the way personality
develops
• What we think about
our situations affects
our behavior
• Reciprocal
Determinism
Expectancies
• Bandura says that your
expectations guide
your behaviors
• You think this class
will be good
• Things will be good
• You heard Mrs. Pehle
is an evil teacher
• Things won’t be as
good
Ways you interact with
environment
• Different people
choose different
environments
• Our personalities
shape how we
interpret and react to
events
• Our personalities help
create situations to
which we react
Self-Efficacy
• Your belief about your
ability to perform
behaviors that should
lead to successful
outcomes
• Based on past
experiences, you
should be successful
in certain areas
Locus of Control
• J.B. Rotter
• Internal: in control of
one’s own destiny
• External: outside
forces determine one’s
fate
Internals vs. Externals
• Internals …
• Achieve more in school
• Act more independently
• Enjoy better health
• Externals
• Don’t blame themselves
when things go wrong
• See good or bad things as
part of their personality
instead of separate events
Learned Helplessness
• People who feel
•
•
•
•
helpless often view their
control as external
Starts with an
uncontrollable bad event
Perceived lack of
control
Helpless behavior
DEPRESSION
Optimism
• If you perceive
negative events in life
as small setbacks or
learning a new
approach, you’re
probably optimistic
• Attribution style
• Optimism tends to
lead to better health