Transcript Mod 26 Classic - Moline High School

Unit 6 - Learning
Module 26
Learning
• Process of acquiring
new and relatively
enduring information
or behaviors
Behaviorism and the
Behaviorists
• Psychology should
only include the
investigation of
observable and
measurable
behaviors.
Classical Conditioning
• A learning procedure in which associations
are made between a natural and a neutral
stimulus
• Easy Button
Stimulus and Response
• Stimulus
• Anything that causes a
reaction
• Response
• Any reaction that is
voluntary or
involuntary
Ivan Pavlov
• Russian
• Study dogs digestive
system
• 1904 Nobel Prize –
learning by
association
• Classical conditioning
Unconditioned Stimulus
• (UCS)
• Stimulus that automatically elicits a response
• Pavlov’s Experiment
• Dog food
• Easy button
• Air gun
Unconditioned Response
• (UCR)
• An automatic response to a particular natural
stimulus
• Pavlov’s Experiment
• Salivation
• Easy button
• Flinch
Neutral Stimulus
• (NS)
• Any stimulus that produces no conditioned
response prior to learning
• Pavlov’s experiment
• Bell
• Easy button
• Easy button
Conditioned Stimulus
• (CS)
• Previous neutral stimulus that has been
associated with a natural stimulus
• Pavlov’s Experiment
• Bell
• Easy button
• Easy button
Conditioned Response
• (CR)
• Learned reaction caused by a conditioned
stimulus (CS) that is the same or similar to the
unconditioned response (UR)
• Pavlov’s Experiment
• Salivation
• Easy Button
• Flinch
Let’s Practice
• Every time someone flushes a toilet in a
health club locker room, the nearby
shower becomes hot. The sudden stream
of hot water causes the person taking a
nearby shower to jump back. Over time,
the person hears the flush and then
automatically jumps back before the water
temperature changes.
AP Psych Scores 2015
Score
5
National
20%
Illinois
27%
4
26%
28%
3
20%
18%
2
13%
11%
1
21%
17%
3 or 
66%
73%
Important!!!!
• Classical Conditioning
• Associating a new stimulus with a stimulus that
automatically and involuntarily brings about the
response
• Must be involuntary response
• Heartbeat
• Breathing
• Sweating
• Sadness
• Fear
Here’s Another…
• A song is played frequently when Colette is out
with her boyfriend whom she loves. Now when
she hears the song, it causes her to have positive
emotions.
• UCS:
• UCR:
• NS:
• CS:
• CR:
Other Key Ideas
• Acquisition
• Initial learning
• Generalization
• Tendency for a stimuli similar to the original stimulus
also elicit the conditioned response
• Colette experiences positive emotions (CR) when
listening to any similar song (CS).
• Discrimination
• Ability to distinguish between two similar stimuli
• Colette experiences positive emotions (CR) when
listening to only the specific song (CS)
Other Key Ideas
• Extinction
• When the conditioned stimulus (CS) no longer causes a
conditioned response (CR).
• Colette no longer responds with positive emotions to
specific song because they have been broken up for
several months.
• Spontaneous Recovery
• The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned
response (CR) to the conditioned stimulus (CS) after a
delay.
• Colette hears the song a year later and has positive
emotions.
Other Key Ideas
• Reconditioning
• After extinction, the rapid relearning of a CR
because of the CS being paired with the UCS
again.
• Illustrates that extinction involves weakening
and not the complete elimination of the CR
John Watson
• Father of American
Behaviorism
• Classical conditioning
to create a learned
response of fear
• Little Albert
Experiment
• Generalization
• video
Counterconditioning
• Mary Cover Jones
• Behavior therapy – behavior modification
• Remove fear
• UCS that create involuntary feelings of pleasant
emotions are paired with the anxiety-producing
object until it is no longer produces fear
• Classical Conditioning song