Transcript AMPHETAMINE AND HALOPERIDOL MAY ALTER TEMPORAL

AMPHETAMINE AND HALOPERIDOL MAY ALTER TEMPORAL PROCESSING DURING A NATURALLY OCCURRING BEHAVIOR
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P.S.Wallace ;
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E.F.Field ;
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I.Q.Whishaw ;
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D.G.Wallace
1. Dept Psychology, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, IL, USA 2. CCBN, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
5 CM
80
Other
Dodging
Bracing
Amphetamine
Haloperidol
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40
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0
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
Figure 5: Dodger’s and robber’s mean speeds during each of
the five samples across drug conditions.
Saline
Amph
Hal
10
8
6
4
2
0
S1
S2
S3
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S5
20
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25
0
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2
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10 12 14 16 18 20
Results
Figure 3: Topographic and kinematic representation of a brace.
Top panel: changes in head, torso, and tail positions for the dodger
and robber during a brace. Bottom panel: moment-to-moment
speeds of the dodger and robber during a brace.
Dodger
Robber
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10
Saline
Amph
Hal
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0
S1
S2
S3
S4
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S1
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Dodger head
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20
10
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Mean Dodge Distance (CM)
Dodger
Robber
Saline
Amph
Hal
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10 12 14 16 18 20
Frame
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A dodger’s
movement strategies change during the
consumption of a hazel nut.
Amphetamine
and Haloperidol influence a dodger’s
ability to modify movement strategies.
Kinematic
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analysis of dodger and robber movements do
not support hyper- or hypokinetic explanations of drug
effects.
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Modification
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S1
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Conclusions
Robber head
40
Saline
Amph
Hal
12
Figure 6: Dodger’s mean distance traveled when dodging and
bracing combined for each of the five samples across drug
conditions.
5 CM
0
Figure 8: Mean distance between the heads of the dodger and
robber during the dodges and braces combined for each of the five
samples across drug conditions.
Mean Distance Between Heads (CM)
30
0
Speed (CM/S)
12
Dodger
Robber
Frame
Figure 1: Apparatus used during dodging task. Plexiglas cylinder (20
cm diameter) resting on a Plexiglas shelf with mirror at an angle
below. Video camera records from mirror image.
Saline
Dodger head
Speed (CM/S)
Following administration of saline, amphetamine, or
haloperidol, female Long-Evans rats were videotaped while consuming
individual food items in the presence of a robber. Both the dodger’s
and robber’s behaviors were analyzed using kinematic analysis
software.
100
Figure 7: Mean distance between the heads of the dodger and
robber at the start of dodges and braces combined for each of the
five samples across drug conditions.
Mean Distance Between Heads at Start (CM)
Robber head
40
Methods
Figure 4: Mean percent of sample duration spent engaging in
dodges, braces, and other behaviors across drug conditions.
Percent of Sample
Animals rely on their ability to process the passage of time while
engaging in behaviors. Previous research has focused on operant and
classical conditioning paradigms to measure an animal’s perception of
time. These techniques are useful in examining certain processes;
however, recent studies have demonstrated that temporal processing
can be investigated while an animal engages in naturally occurring
behaviors. Dodging behavior is observed when two rats compete for a
limited amount of food. A typical dodge involves a rat displacing its
body to prevent a second rat from robbing the food item. Previous data
have shown that rats will adjust their dodges as a food item becomes
smaller and eating is nearly complete. This suggests that the rat uses
the time left to eat the food item to modulate dodging behavior. The
current study examined pharmacological manipulations that are known
to change a rat’s temporal processing in predictable ways. Both
amphetamine and haloperidol have been identified as drugs that alter
an animal’s time perception.
Figure 2: Topographic and kinematic representation of a
dodge. Top panel: changes in head, torso, and tail positions for
the dodger and robber during a dodge. Bottom panel: momentto-moment speeds of the dodger and robber during a dodge.
Mean Speed (CM/S)
Introduction
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of temporal or attentional mechanisms may
account for the effects of Amphetamine and Haloperidol on
dodge efficiency.