Transcript The Neuron
The Neuron The Brain Names Perspectives Research Methods Memory The Neuron The Brain Names Perspectives $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 Research Memory $100 $100 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 Longest part of the neuron Axon Protects and covers the axon Myelin Sheath Neurons that bring information to the central nervous system Sensory/Afferent Location of neurotransmitters Terminal Buttons Where neurotransmitters “land” Receptor sites Planning, judgment, decision making Frontal Lobe Heart rate, breathing Medulla New/explicit memories Hippocampus Sensory relay station Thalamus What are the two speech centers of the brain and what do they control? Broca’s Area: Spoken speech Wernicke’s Area: Comprehension B.F. Skinner? Founder of operant conditioning; Skinner box; Believed that language was learned Albert Bandura Observational (social) Learning; Bobo Doll experiment Michael Gazzaniga Worked with split-brain patients Kahnerman and Tversky Worked on concepts related to cognition/problem solving (availability heuristic, representativeness heuristic) Robert Rescorla Studied the affect of cognition on classical conditioning; Subject must predict whether the CS will predict the US Group of German psychologists who rejected structuralism; Focused on the whole; important in the study of perception Gestalt Psychology Field of psychology founded by Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis Psychodynamic (modern day version) Approach that sees humans as inherently good and motivated to learn and improve Humanistic Name and describe the first major perspective in psychology Structuralism: E. B. Tichener; Consciousness could be broken down into the smallest elements of experience; Not followed today Describe functionalism William James; Rejected structuralism; How does behavior help us adapt, survive, and flourish? What is a random sample? Every person in the group (population) has an equal chance of participating; Is also representative of the population you are studying Type of research done when multiple age groups are studied at the same time Cross sectional What is a negative correlation? One factor is increasing while the other is decreasing What does a positive correlation look like on a scatterplot? Perfect positive correlation (correlation coefficient of +1) would be a straight line increasing left to right; Perfect correlations are very rare What is the independent and dependent variable? In what form of research are they used? Independent: variable that is being manipulated (should cause something) Dependent: variable that is being measure to see if the independent variable had an effect Experiment What are the three steps in the information processing model? Encoding; Storage; Retrieval What is the serial position effect? What are its “sub” components/effects? Tendency to remember the items at the beginning (primacy effect) and end (recency effect) of a list What are the two types of sensory memory discussed in class? Iconic (visual) and Echoic (auditory) What are semantic memories? Memories of facts and concepts; Processed in the hippocampus What is context congruent memory? Enhanced ability to retrieve information when you are in an environment similar to the one in which you encoded it