Transcript Behavior - CLAS Users

Month Day
Topic
Nov.
3
Behavior
6
Costs and benefits of behavior
8
Populations
10
Holiday!
13
Communities I
15
Communities II
17
Ecosystems
What is behavior?
What is behavior?
be- state of being
What is behavior?
havoir- having possession of
Behavior
Any observable activity of a
living organism.
Ecological studies of
behavior focus on:
How organisms make
“decisions” that influence their
survival and reproductive
success.
Behavioral “decisions”:
• Are not always or even often conscious
Behavioral “decisions”:
• Are not always or even often conscious
• Influence survival and reproductive
success
Behavioral “decisions”:
• Are not always or even often conscious
• Influence survival and reproductive
success
• May be heritable
Behavioral “decisions”:
• Are not always or even often conscious
• Influence survival and reproductive success
• May be heritable
• May be molded by natural selection
Instinctive Behavior
• Performed without having been learned
• Usually triggered by simple sign stimuli
• Response is a stereotyped motor
program, a fixed-action pattern
Instinctive behaviors
Learned Behavior
• Responses change with experience
• Some categories of learned behavior
Imprinting
Spatial learning
Insight learning
Habituation
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Imprinting
• Time-dependent learning
• Triggered by exposure to a sign stimulus
during a sensitive period
• Young cranes imprint on a moving object and
treat it as “mother”
Do humans exhibit imprinting?
Classical Conditioning
• First demonstrated by Pavlov
• An involuntary action becomes associated
with a novel stimulus
• Salivation became associated with sound of
bell that accompanied feeding
Operant Conditioning
• A voluntary action becomes associated
with its consequences
• A toad may attempt to eat a wasp with a
black and gold pattern and be stung
• Thereafter, the toad will be conditioned
to avoid eating similar insects
Habituation
• An individual learns not to respond to a
stimulus that has neither good nor bad
consequences
Spatial Learning
• Mental map created
through experience
• Alaskan chickadees remember the
location of hundreds of places where
they have stored food
Insight Learning
• An animal solves a problem without
trial-and-error attempts at a solution
• Captive chimpanzees show insight
learning when they solve a novel
problem, as when they stack boxes to
reach food that is out of reach
Learned Behavior
• Responses change with experience
• Some categories of learned behavior
Imprinting
Spatial learning
Insight learning
Habituation
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Heredity or environment?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Intelligence
Body size
Beauty
Speech patterns
Health