Transcript Chapter 6: Learning - Doral Academy Preparatory

Review Session Week 2
Chapter 6: Learning
AP Psychology
Conditioned Learning
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Unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
Conditioned response
Trial
Acquisition
3 types of classical conditioning
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
Stimulus generalization
Discrimination
Higher order conditioning
Taste Aversions
Operant Conditioning
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Law of effect
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Skinner box
Shaping
Extinction
Discrimination
Delayed reinforcement
Primary reinforcement
Secondary reinforcement
Ratio schedules
Interval schedules
Continuous reinforcement
Intermittent reinforcement
Punishment
Q1. A group of ranchers attempts to discourage coyotes
from attacking their sheep by placing a substance on the
wool of the sheep that makes coyotes violently ill if they
eat it.Very quickly, the coyotes avoid the sheep entirely. In
this scenario, what are the UCS, CS, and CR, respectively?
(A) The substance, the sheep’s wool, aversion to the sheep
(B) The sheep’s wool, the substance, aversion to sheep
(C) Aversion to sheep, the substance, the sheep’s wool
(D) The coyotes, the sheep’s wool, aversion to sheep
(E) The substance, the sheep’s wool, the coyotes
Q2. The same ranchers discover that now not only will the
coyotes not attack the treated sheep but also they will not
attack nearby sheep. This is an example of:
(A) Extinction
(B) Discrimination
(C) Generalization
(D) Spontaneous recovery
(E) Chaining
Q3. Mrs. Jackson, an English teacher, gives pop quizzes to
her students every marking period. This is an example of:
(A) Variable interval schedule of reinforcement
(B) Variable ratio schedule of reinforcement
(C) Fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement
(D) Fixed interval schedule of reinforcement
(E) Interval ratio schedule of reinforcement
Q4. In John Watson’s “Little Albert” experiment, what was
the UCS?
(A) The white rat
(B) The little boy
(C) Anything white and furry
(D) The loud noise
(E) Fear
Q5. Which of the following is true of classical conditioning?
(A) UCS produces UCR
(B) CR produces the CS
(C) UCR produces the CS
(D) CS produces the UCS
(E) UCR produces the UCS
Q6. Dylan’s mother buys him a sailor’s cap before they go
on a family fishing trip. On the boat, Dylan gets nauseated
and vomits. The next day he gets nauseated just from
looking at the sailor’s cap. The sailor’s cap has become:
(A) The unconditioned stimulus
(B) The conditioned stimulus
(C) The conditioned response
(D) The unconditioned response
(E) The reconditioned stimulus
Q7. Before Dylan became nauseated, he was able to go
fishing with his family, even catching several fi sh. Fishing is
an example of what schedule of reinforcement?
(A) Fixed ratio
(B) Fixed interval
(C) Unfixed interval
(D) Variable ratio
(E) Variable interval
Q8. which of the following best reflects negative
reinforcement?
(A)
(B)
(C)
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Teresa is scolded when she runs through the house
yelling
Lina is not allowed to watch television until after she
has finished her homework
Greg changes his math class so he doesn’t have to see
his old friend
Aditya is praised for having the best essay in the class
Alex takes the wrong medicine and gets violently ill
afterwards
Q9. Jamel got very sick after easting some mushrooms on
a pizza at his friend’s house. He didn’t know that he had a
stomach virus at the time, blamed his illness on the
mushrooms, and refused to eat them again. Which of the
following is the unconditioned stimulus for his taste
aversion to mushrooms?
Pizza
(B) Stomach virus
(C) Mushrooms
(D) Headache
(E) Aversion to mushrooms
(A)
Q10. Latent learning is best described by which of the
following?
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Innate responses of an organism preventing new
learning and associations
Unconscious meaning that is attributed to new
response patterns
Response patterns that become extinguished gradually
over time
Delayed responses that occur when new stimuli are
paired with familiar ones
Learning that occurs in the absence of rewards
Answers
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QW #1
A. Define the following psychological concepts
◦ Negative reinforcement
◦ Discrimination
B. Use one specific example for the concepts above in
part A to explain how the concept might relate to
either the development of OR continuation of a
smoking habit
QW #2
A. Time is an important variable in many psychological
concepts. Describe a specific example that clearly
demonstrates an understanding of each of the
following concepts and how it relates to or is affected
by time. Use a different example for each concept.
◦ Presentation of the conditioned stimulus (CS)
and unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in classical
conditioning
◦ Spontaneous recovery
QW #3
A.
Ellie, a new student at Skinner High School, is
determined to make friends. When she attends
the first psychology club meeting she finds herself
in the room with twenty strangers who seem to
know each other well. She plans to attend a few
more meetings before deciding whether she will
join. How do the following terms below relate to
her decision?
◦ Negative Reinforcement
◦ Positive Punishment
◦ Conditioned Response