Transcript History and Approaches - Airport Senior High School

Unit 2 AP PSYCHOLGY
• Using the Psychology Timeline handout you are to create a
visual graphic of what you believe to be the most important
developments in psychology throughout history.
• You must chose what you think are the 10 most significant events
from the timeline and create a graphic illustrating each event.
• FCAs
1. Chose 10 most important events 5 pts each (explain why on
the back of the page. 50pts. You won’t get the points if there
is no explanation on the back.
2. Graphic illustration included for each one 10 pts.
Structuralism
Functionalism
Gestalt Psych
Behaviorism
Psychoanalysis
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
Max Wertheimer
John B. Watson
Sigmund Freud
Edward Titchener
John Dewey
James Angell
B.F. Skinner
Carl Jung
Instead of me telling you everything about these guys and their contributions, you
are going to present to the class information regarding your research. Which
means you will need to do that said research.
You are required to provide the following:
A detailed history of the person(s) you were given. – You only have to pick one of
them.
Time/setting of the era
Family history
Etc.
Detail on the type of approach
How it started
Meaning
How it was used
How it can still apply
You are going to create a Facebook page for your psychologist.
• 1 day to research
• 1 day to create.
• I day for Speed dating.
• Give each student a name (they randomly selected out of a hat), its okay to have a two
of each if needed. If they are “dating” themselves, they just make sure their information is
“spot on” and discuss others they’ve met. In the selection process, we did a reminder of
random assignment and that we are sampling the entire population. Have them bring:
•
• 1. A note card (or note card size paper) with the essential information on it. The
psychologist’s name, details of their research and/or importance, what school of thought
(cognitive, behaviorist, psychoanalytic) if appropriate, etc. Basically, it’s a cheat-sheet to
ensure students cover all relevant info and correctly representing themselves.
•
• 2. A prop of some kind with you to represent your research. For example, Phil Zimbardo - the prison study (among many others) could bring a guy behind bars (made out of clay,
a picture, a drawing) for Pavlov a stuffed dog with a jingle bell, etc.... Be creative. They
were great with this… Barbara Ainsworth had a shoebox labeled “strange situation “ with
a mini mom, doll, stranger and some toys inside, Harry Harlow had a stuffed monkey,
Freud had a great pipe, etc.
•
• 3. Paper and pen to make notes during/after the interview
Psychology began as a science of its own in Germany in 1879
with the establishment of Wundt's psychology laboratory.
He develop the technique of objective introspection –
involves the process of objectively examining and
measuring one’s own thought and mental activities
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3wjHWyf
11s
Titchener, a student of Wudnt, brought psychology in the form of
Structuralism to America.
• Structuralism is focused on studying the structure of the mind.
• Structuralism died out in the early 20th Century.
• Margaret F. Washburn, a student of Titchener was the first woman to
receive a Ph.D. in psychology in 1894 and published The Animal Mind.
Willam James and Functionalism
• James proposed a countering point of view called functionalism,
in which the way the mind allows us to adapt is stressed.
• Functionalism is influenced the modern fields of educational
psychology, evolutionary psychology and
industrial/organization psychology.
Gestalt
“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.”
• Wertheimer and others studied sensation and perception,
calling it their new perspective Gestalt psychology.
• Gestalt principles influenced cognitive psychology and future
psychotherapy techniques.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sq7Fvdeij8
Sigmund Freud's Theory of Psychoanalysis
• Freud proposed that the unconscious mind controls much of
our conscious behavior in his theory of psychoanalysis.
• Modern Freudians like Anna Freud, Jung and Adler changed
the emphasis in Freud's original theory into a kind of newhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0w0db2zR7Q
Freudianism.
Pavlov, Watson and the Dawn of Behaviorism
• Watson proposed a science of behavior called behaviorism,
which focused only on the study of observable stimuli and
responses.
• Much of his work was based on Ivan Pavlov’s discovery of
classical conditioning. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hBfnXACsOI
• Watson and Raynor demonstrated that a phobia could be
learned by conditioning a baby (little Albert) to be afraid of
a white rat. Due to the ethical concerns about this study, it
would never be replicated.
• Mary Cover Jones later demonstrated that a learned phobia
could be counter conditioned.
Behavioral Perceptive
• Skinners’ operant condition of voluntary behavior
became a major force in the 20th century.
• He introduced the concept of reinforcement to
behaviorism.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6eU5dLR78
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_ctJqjlrHA
Humanism – focus on free will and the human
potential for growth, was develop by Maslow
and Rogers as a reaction to the deterministic
nature of behaviorism and psychoanalysis.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25WPHw5uBJI
Cognitive Perceptive
• Cognitive psychology is the study of learning,
memory, language, and problem solving.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Sw0a2NS
810
Sociocultural Perceptive
The sociocultural perspective actually combines social psychology and
cultural psychology.
Biopsychological Perceptive
Biopsychology emerged as a study of the biological
bases of behavior. Hormones, brain chemistry, brain
structure and diseases are the focus of this
perspective.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wLbR5bYjBI
Evolutionary Perceptive
• The principles of evolution and knowledge we currently
have about evolution are used in this perspective to look
at the way the mind works and why it works as it does.
• Behavior is seen has having and adaptive or survival
value.
• Although all psychologists explore issues of behavior and
mental processes, researchers in the field can approach these
issues from multiple perspectives. The perspectives addressed
in your text- neuroscience, evolutionary, psychodynamic,
behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, and social-cultural – are
complementary. Each contributes to our understanding of how
organisms think, feel, and act.
• Below are some of the issues that are of interest to psychologist
working from all perspectives. For each of these examples,
describe how psychology’s seven perspectives would approach
the area of study. What are questions that psychologists from
these perspectives might ask?
• Choose the most outrageous celebrity you can think of, past or
present. Provide a short list of some of the outrageous
behaviors this person has exhibited. Explain these behaviors
from the point of view of each major psychological perspective.
• Example: Dennis Rodman
• Neuroscience: Perhaps he has a high level of estrogen that
makes him feel as though he should wear women’s clothes.
• Pass out Quiz