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Or How to Control the Behavior of the People Around You Without Them Knowing It. Stimulus Response Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Unconditioned Stimulus Neutral Stimulus Unconditioned Response Unconditioned Stimulus Neutral Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response • • • • • • Pepper and Smoking Treatment for phobias and aversions Relief for Insomniacs MIT football Cancer and Chemotherapy Acne and the folks • The case of drugs and environment Cocaine Loss of Homeostasis – body reacts Physical Environment Cocaine Physical Environment Loss of Homeostasis Reward Punishment Reinforcement Punishment Positive Chocolate Bar Electric Shock Negative Excused from Chores No TV privileges Interval Fixed Variable Ratio • • • • • • Project Pigeon (military) Project Pigeon (Coast Guard) Cure for Bedwetting Sports Superstitions Training Seeing Eye Dogs How to raise yer kids Prevent a dog from escaping electric shocks, and it will stop trying to get away. Applications for abused women and children Generalization – Learning on stimulus A changes behavior regarding stimulus B Discrimination – Learning on stimulus A doesn’t change behavior regarding stimulus B Extinction – Loss of learned behavior after training stops Spontaneous Recovery – Exhibiting learned behavior after extinction has occurred. Rats Dogs Bunnies Santa Claus Coats Learning from observation Show video now Hebbian Explanation: The more frequently two objects are paired, the greater the association. Association # of times paired + Rescorla-Wagner Model The amount of association increases relative to the surprise of the pairing Association # of times paired 35 30 25 20 15 Group 1 = always food 10 Group 2 = delayed food 5 0 1 5 10 15 Group 3 = never food 1) Conditioning your friends to perform embarrassing stunts in public is fun, but possibly unethical 2) Conditioning may account for a lot of behavior, but it can’t account for all of it. 3) A pencil sharpener works by sticking a pencil in the little hole, and turning the lever