Transcript Behaviorism: Its all in the action

Behaviorism: Its all in the action
Created by:
Jen, Linda, Melissa, Moriah, Pam
Participant Directions


In order to learn about the behaviorist
theory you will follow this PowerPoint
presentation, answering the questions
with 100% accuracy.
Answer the questions as you go,and
take the quiz at the end.
Behaviorist Theory
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Definition
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Scientists who studied the
behaviorist theory
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Key concepts
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Classroom examples
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Advantages/disadvantages
Advantages and Disadvantages
of the behaviorist theory
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Advantages
Shapes behavior
quickly (example 1A)
Disadvantages
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Internalized reasoning
may not be an
outcome(example 1D)
The learner adapts
to the environment
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The learner adapts to a
poor environment
( example 2A)
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Behavior can be
measured (example 3A)
(example 2D)
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Behavior measured may
not be a true picture of
understanding(example 3D)
Example of Advantage and
Disadvantage 1
Shapes behavior quickly:
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Every time a student would arrive to class on time the teacher would
give the student (on time points.) These points could be used to
purchase a watch from the school store.
Behavior is not internalized:
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A student may act respectful but not feel respect towards a teacher.
Example of Advantage and
Disadvantage 2
The learner adapts to the environment
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The class has been trained to write a half page every day. They are
reinforced with a smiley sticker
The learner adapts to a poor environment
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A student adapts to a classroom where the other students’ behaviors
are negative and destructive to the learning environment.
Example Advantage and
Disadvantage 3
Behavior can be measured
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Students can take tests to measure whether they can answer the
questions correctly.
Behavior measured may not be a true
picture of understanding
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Taking a true or false test with the assurance of retaking it until the
student gets it right can lead to guessing for the correct answers.
Quiz
Advantages/Disadvantages
A disadvantage to the behaviorist theory
is that students can learn behaviors
quickly.
True / False
 An advantage to the behaviorist theory
is: All students learn the best using this
theory.
True / False
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Wrong try again
Correct move on to the next
question
Correct!
Ready to learn more?
Who are the Behaviorists?
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Ivan Pavlov
John Watson
B.F. Skinner
Click on picture
You too can be trained!
Back to
Behaviorists
Who are these Behaviorists?
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Ivan Pavlov
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– 1849-1936
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Pavlov wanted to see if
external stimuli could
affect the salivation process
–
–
he rang a bell at the same time he
gave the experimental dogs food.
After a while, the dogs -- which
before only salivated when they saw
and ate their food -- would begin to
salivate when the bell rang, even if
no food were present.
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In 1903 he published his
results calling this a
"conditioned reflex,"different
from an innate reflex, such
as yanking a hand back from
a flame, in that it had to be
learned.
Pavlov called this learning
process “conditioning”
He thought that conditioned
reflexes could explain the
behavior of people.
http://llanes.panam.edu/edul6300/Behaviorists.html
Quiz
yourself
Back to
Behaviorists
Who are these Behaviorists?
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John Watson
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– 1878 - 1958
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Watson was inspired by
Pavlov
He studied the behavior of
children and concluded that
humans were simply more
complicated than animals
but operated on the same
principles.
http://llanes.panam.edu/edul6300/Behaviorists.html
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All animals, he believed,
were extremely complex
machines that responded to
situations according to their
"wiring," or nerve pathways
that were conditioned by
experience.
In 1913, he published an
article outlining his ideas
–
–
Quiz
yourself
disagreed with Freud
dismissed heredity as a significant
factor in shaping human behavior.
Back to
Behaviorists
Who are these Behaviorists?
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B.F. Skinner
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– 1904 - 1990
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Skinner developed
behavioral studies of rats
that automatically reward
behavior.
He wrote The Behavior of
Organisms and began his
novel Walden II, about a
commune where behaviorist
principles created a new kind
of utopia.
http://llanes.panam.edu/edul6300/Behaviorists.html
He used operant
conditioning
– the rewarding of a partial
behavior or a random act
that approaches the desired
behavior.
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Skinner believed other all
complicated tasks could be
broken down and taught.
He developed machines so
students could learn bit by
bit, uncovering answers for
an immediate "reward."
Quiz
yourself
Back to
Behaviorists
Quiz Yourself on the
Behaviorists!
1. Pavlov began his studies by
a. Seeing if children liked cookies
b. Teaching dogs to salivate at the ring of a bell
c. Developing a theory on behaviorism
Back to
Behaviorists
Quiz Yourself on the
Behaviorists!
2. Watson felt that
a. Heredity was important in shaping human
behavior.
b. Animals responded to situations according to their
conditioned experience.
c. That Freud had all the answers
Back to
Behaviorists
Quiz Yourself on the
Behaviorists!
1. Skinner used _____ to teach a behavior
a. stimulous
b. pidgeons
c. operant conditioning
Back to
Behaviorists
Opps!
You need to go back and read
again!
Back to
Behaviorists
Great!
You get an “A”
Back to
Behaviorists
Key Concepts
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Classical Conditioning
– Stimulus-Response
– Action causes response
– The bell rings to start class and all students quiet
down and focus attention on the teacher.
Key Concepts cont.
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Operant Conditioning
– Stimulus-Response-Reinforcer :
– Specific action causes a desired response when
reinforced
– Students work very hard on mastering their times
tables and teacher gives free pass to skip the
math homework for that night.
Quiz Time!
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Pick the best answer to that describes
each term:
Mrs. Smith flashes the lights to get her
students attention. The students
immediately stop what they are doing and
look her way
–
A. Operant Conditioning
–
B. Classical Conditioning
AWESOME!
Click the picture to go on.
OOPS! Try Again!
Click Here
QUIZ TIME!
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Mr. Lee gives his students a
free choice of how they will
complete their reading
assignment after they have
completed the read-aloud
portion as a whole class and
behaved very well.
–
Classical Conditioning
–
Operant Conditioning
WOW!
Click the picture to go on.
OH NO! Try Again!
Click Here
Behavior what?
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Think back to your
Language Arts days-what is the main
word here in
behaviorism?
Choose the base word:
havior
behavior
ism
be
“behavior”
Great! You chose the part of the word of behaviorism
That sums up its definition. The concept of behaviorism
Is identifying, encouraging, and measuring behavior’s
Exhibited by a person or animal.
Want to see a
More detailed definition?
example
“ism”
This is not the part of the word you
Need to concentrate on. Choose again.
“be”
This part of the word behaviorism doesn’t quite get to the
Core of the word. Please choose again.
“Havior”
This is not what you want to focus on.
Choose again!
Internet Web Sites:
Click here if you like to take quizzes
To learn definitions.
Click here to read information about John Watson,
Who is believed to be the “Father of Behaviorism”
Click here to read a detailed definition of
Behaviorism from the Stanford Encyclopedia
Of Philosophy.
Behavior Modification
Here is a series of steps that a “behaviorist” might
Use to get a person to change their behavior.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Choose a behavior goal for a particular person.
Determine what motivates this particular person.
Break the behavior down into several small steps.
Implement these steps and record the results.
Evaluate the progress and revise the steps as needed.
Congratulations! You now have a preliminary
Understanding of what “behaviorism” means.
Please click here to read about key
Concepts of Behaviorism.
Please click here to learn about the people who
Promoted behaviorism.
Please click here to see examples of
Behaviorism used in a school classroom setting.
Please click here to read advantages and
Disadvantages of the behaviorist approach.
Examples of Behaviorism in the
Classroom
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The Computer Lab
Reading
Math
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Final Quiz
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The Computer Lab
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Memorization of
computer terms and
parts
Use of computer
programs with
automated
positive/negative
feedback
Math
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Recall facts for
immediate reward
(drill)
Memorization by
repetition
Reading
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Using flash cards to
memorize sight
words
Writing spelling
words repeatedly
Which of the following is NOT an example of
Behaviorism in the classroom?
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Use of computer programs with
automated positive/negative feedback
Using phonics to sound out words
Writing spelling words repeatedly
Recall facts for immediate reward
(drill)
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Using phonics to
sound out words is
an application of
prior knowledge to
decode new
material. This is not
a conditioned
response.
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Behaviorism often
incorporates
conditioned
responses, which
may be learned
through
memorization,
repetition, or
automatic feedback.