Transcript Animal Behaviors Power Point

1. To distinguish between innate and
learned behavior
2. To learn the different types of learned
behavior
3. To learn how an animal’s behavior is
affected by nature
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• What an animal does
• How an animal cares for
itself
• How an animal reacts to
other organisms and the
environment in which
it lives
• Genetics play a huge role in deciding the behavior of
an animal
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• The nervous and endocrine body systems also
determine the behavior of an animal
• Is determined by the nervous system and is usually
inherited
• Cannot be changed in
most animals
• Examples:
− fight-or-flight
response
− instincts
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Fight-or-flight response
• Occurs when animal senses danger
• Prepares the body for greater activity
• Is controlled by hormones
and other chemical
functions within the body
• Example: a cat with its
hair raised and back
arched while hissing at
a threat to its environment
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Instincts
• Are unlearned actions
• Are inborn complex behavior
patterns which are hard to
change and very useful in
helping an animal adapt to
its environment
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• Some instincts, such as a
mating routine, could have
several different parts and
take weeks to complete
• Is a change in behavior based on experience
• Is more common in vertebrates
• Allows an animal to change in response to its
environment
• Types of learned behavior include:
− habituation
− classical conditioning
− operant conditioning
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− insight learning
Habituation
• Is when the animal reduces or quits
reacting to a repetitious stimulus not
associated with any punishment or
reward
• Is the simplest type of learning
• Allows animals to save time an energy
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Classical Conditioning
• Is when an animal makes a mental
association between a stimulus and a
reward or punishment
• Is also know as learning by association
• Was researched in 1900 by Ivan Pavlov, a
Russian physiologist
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Operant Conditioning
• Is when an animal learns to act a certain
way in order to receive
a reward
• Is also known as
trial and error
learning
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• Usually happens
quicker due to
animal’s motivation
Insight Learning
• Is the most complicated
form of learning
• Is also known as
reasoning
• Occurs when an animal
uses previous
experiences
to react to a new situation
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• Is common among humans
and other primates
• Is when an animal forms a social attachment to
another object during a critical time early in life
• Behaviors cannot be reversed
• Involves both innate and learned behavior
• Examples: young
ducks attaching
to their mothers
and salmon
remembering
their stream
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• Are when animals react to changes in their
environment
− some changes are during a 24-hour period, while
others are seasonal
− cycles occurring in 24-hour
periods are called
circadian rhythms
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• Migrations is the instinctive movement of some
animals during certain seasons
• Hibernation is when reptiles and mammals phase into
a sleeplike state during cold seasons
• Estivation is when the body’s
metabolism rate is reduced
in order to maintain energy
− animals living extremely
hot areas sometimes go
through estivation
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• Is a behavior carried out
before mating
− both males and
females of the same
species carry out
specific behaviors
before mating
− behaviors are
meant to ensure
animals of the
same specie mate
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• Is used to threaten and intimidate other animals in
order to protect their young, territory and resources
• Is an animal’s way of communicating to keep other
animals away
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• Is an occupied land containing resources necessary
for an animal’s survival
• Animals must protect their territory and keep others
away
− prevents others
from using
their resources
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• Is a method of social ranking
within a group
− some animals are ranked
higher than others
• The alpha animal takes the lead
role and occupies the dominant
position in the group
− usually leads the group to
food, water and other
resources
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• Several levels can exist within the order
• Is known as the sending of information from
one animal to another
• Usually this information results in a change
in behavior
• Animals communicate in three ways:
1. visual signals
2. chemical signals
3. sound signals
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• There are two main types of animal behavior
1. innate
2. learned
• Animals illustrate behavioral cycles and
seasonal cycles
• Genetics, hormones and the nervous system
all interact to determine the behavior of an
animal
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1. Animal _________ is what animal does, how it cares
for itself and how it reacts to other organisms and
the environment in which it lives.
2. The _________ response prepares the body for
greater activity.
3. __________ are actions animals are born with.
4. __________ is a change in behavior based on
experience.
5. __________ is used to threaten and intimidate other
animals.
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6. Name four types of learned behavior.
7. __________ involves both innate and learned
behavior.
8. __________ are cycles happening in 24-hour
periods.
9. __________ is when the body’s metabolism rate is
reduced in order to maintain energy.
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10.Name three ways animals communicate.
University of South Carolina
www.biol.sc.edu/courses/bio102/41-ol.html
Animal Behavior Glossary
www.casper.bgsu.edu/~courses/Ethlogy/glossary_Ethor.html
Social Behavior
www.biol.sc.edu/courses/bio102/42-ol.html
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