Transcript Learning Review ppt

 What
is a permanent change in
behavior due to experience?
LEARNING
 What
type of learning takes place
when we learn to associate 2 stimuli
and we are unaware of it?
 Classical conditioning
 When
you reinforce the small steps along the
way to building an overall behavior it is
known as…
 Shaping
 What
study showed that children imitate
behaviors they see AND whose experiment
was this?
 Albert Bandura & the Bobo Doll
A
student earned Fs on his first two
Geometry tests and says “I’m just not good
at math” and doesn’t try for the rest of the
school year. What is this an example of AND
what psychologist is associated with it?
 learned helplessness
 Martin Seligman
A
boy grows up watching his dad change the
oil in the family cars. When he turns 16, dad
buys the boy his own car and is shocked to
see the boy changes the oil one day after
school. What type of learning does this
represent?
 Latent learning
 Name
2 psychologists associated
with classical conditioning AND their
experiments.
 Pavlov-salivating dogs
 Watson-Little Albert
 Who
is considered the absolute
“boss” of operant conditioning?
 BF Skinner
 Who
came up with the Law of Effect that
states behavior is more likely to occur when
reinforced?
 Edward Thorndike
 Who
observed chimps problem solving to get
fruit (insight learning)?
 Wolfgang Kohler
 What
is the formula for classical
conditioning?
 UCS UCR
 NS
 CSCR
 The
point at which the neutral stimulus
becomes the conditioned stimulus and
creates the conditioned response (aka a new
behavior has been created) is called…
 acquisition
 Little
Albert was conditioned to be afraid of
rats. That fear soon spread to other items of
the same texture, shape, color like dogs and
stuffed animals. This is an example of what
phenomenon?
 Generalization
 You
have been taught to leave a classroom
when you hear the sound of a bell over the
intercom. You do not leave the classroom
when you hear a car honk its horn outside.
What is this is an example of?
 Discrimination
 Ryan
keeps asking Ms. Williams to go to the
bathroom. After being told no every day for a
month, he stops asking. What is this an
example of?
 Extinction
A
factory worker is paid for each chair she
completes. This is what partial schedule of
reinforcement?
 Fixed ratio
A
teacher gives praise to his students at
random times. What partial schedule of
reinforcement?
 Variable interval
 You
are making your wonderful 6th period
teacher cookies for Christmas. You check the
oven every ten minutes to see if the cookies
are ready. What partial schedule of
reinforcement?
 Fixed interval
 If
your teachers were to get a $20 bonus for
each student that scored advanced on a CST
test, what type of partial reinforcement
would that be?
 Fixed ratio
 You
buy lottery tickets because you want to
win money to pay for my summer vacation
(you are the best!). What partial schedule of
reinforcement?
 Variable ratio
 What
would you want to employ when trying
to increase a behavior?
 Reinforcement
 What
type of reinforcement/punishment is
the following: You study for an hour and
reward yourself by eating pizza.
 Positive reinforcement
 What
type of reinforcement/punishment is
the following: turning on the air conditioning
during a hot summer day.
 Negative reinforcement
 What
type of reinforcement/punishment is
the following: You give your mom attitude
when she asks you to clean your room so she
takes away your phone for the rest of the
week.
 Negative punishment
 What
type of reinforcement/punishment is
the following: A dog bites you because it
doesn’t like to way you are playing with it.
 Positive punishment
 Your
mom tells your little brother that he
must finish his science project in order to go
to the movies with his friends. What idea is
this following? (using what he wants to do to
get him to do what he doesn’t)
 Premack Principle
 Things
that we have learned to value are
known as what AND give an example…
 Secondary reinforcers
 Money
 Fame…
 What
is the new biological explanation of
why the brain experiences observational
learning?
 Mirror neurons (frontal lobe)
 If
your electricity were to go out tonight you
would still be able to find your way around
the house because Edward Toleman showed
we have what?
 Cognitive maps
 The
smell of your girlfriend’s cherry
chapstick gets you all hot and bothered.
Then you broke up and you no longer get to
smell the cherry chapstick. One day while
sitting in Twisselman’s Lit class you get a
whiff of the same smell and get excited.
Why?
 Spontaneous recovery
A
monkey wants to get a peanut out of a
small tube. After staring at it for twenty
minutes, he fills it with water and out pops
the peanut. What is this an example of?
 Insight learning
 Whose
studies on rats & taste aversions
showed that there are biological factors
involved in learning?
 John Garcia
BONUS
QUESTION: LET’S SEE
IF YOU READ THE CHAPTER…
 What
psychologist is credited with
showing that classical conditioning also
involves cognition (thinking, etc) through
his experiments with dogs, tones, shocks,
and fear?
 Robert Rescorla