Transcript Huffman PowerPoint Slides

PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation
Chapter 9
Eating Disorders
Abnormal Psychology, Eighth Edition
by
Gerald C. Davison and John M. Neale
Lecture notes created by Paul J. Wellman, Texas A&M University
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 9
Anorexia Nervosa
• Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder
characterized by self-starvation
– Person’s weight is 85% or less of normal
weight
– Person has an intense fear of gaining weight
– Person has a distorted sense of their body
shape
– In females, anorexia nervosa leads to a loss of
the menstrual period
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 9.1
Pathways to Eating Disorders
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 9.2
Anorexia Nervosa
• Two types of anorexia nervosa:
– Restricting type loses weight by severely
limiting the amount of food consumed
– Binge-eating-purging type engages in binges
(large amount of food consumed) following by
purging (vomiting or use of laxatives)
• Lifetime prevalence of anorexia nervosa is
less than 1% and is 10 times more frequent
in women than in men
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 9.3
Anorexia Nervosa
• Anorexia nervosa is linked to depression
• Anorexia nervosa can have severe physical
effects including
– Altered electrolyte levels (potassium and
sodium) lead to changes in nerve and muscle
function
• Prognosis: 70% of anorexia nervosa
patients recover
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 9.4
Bulimia Nervosa
• Bulimia Nervosa involves episodes of rapid
overeating followed by purging
– A binge is defined as eating an excessive amount of
food within two hours
– Purging refers to vomiting, fasting or excessive
exercise
• Bulimia involves a fear of gaining weight
• Prevalence of bulimia nervosa is 1-2% of the
female population
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 9.5
Binge Eating Disorder
• Binge Eating Disorder involves
– Recurrent binges (twice a week for at least 6
months)
– Lack of control during the binge episode
• Binge Eating Disorder does not involve
– Loss of weight
– Compensatory behaviors of purging
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 9.6
Etiology of Eating Disorders
• Biological accounts of eating disorders:
– Genetic
• Anorexia and bulimia run in families
• Twin studies show genetic contribution to anorexia
and bulimia
– Endogenous opioids may play role in bulimia
– Serotonin may be deficient in bulimia:
• Bulimics have less serotonin metabolites
• Bulimics are less responsive to serotonin agonists
• Serotonergic drugs are often effective for bulimia
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 9.7
Sociocultural Influences on
Eating Disorders
• While cultural standards of the ideal woman
has moved toward thinness, the reality is
that both men and women are becoming
more obese
– Prevalence of obesity has doubled since 1900
– As social views of obesity become more
negative, the incidence of eating disorders
increases
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 9.8
Psychological Views of Eating
Disorders
• Personality studies indicate that
– Starvation can alter personality
– Personality variables such as perfectionism, low selfesteem, propensity to experience negative emotions
and an ability to distinguish bodily states are predictors
for the development of eating disorders
• Self-reports of childhood sexual/physical abuse
are higher in eating disorder subjects
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 9.9
Treatment of Eating Disorders
• Most eating disorder subjects (> 90 %) are
NOT in treatment
• Treatment often takes place in a hospital
• Bulimia can be treated with antidepressant
drugs (involving the serotonin system)
• No drugs are currently available for the
treatment of anorexia nervosa
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 9.10
Psychological Therapy for
Eating Disorders
• Psychological treatment of anorexia:
– Short-term increases in body weight
• Operant conditioning of eating can lead to short-term weight
gains
– Long-term maintenance of body weight gain
• Not yet achieved by any treatment modality
• Bulimia treatment involves cognitive behavior
therapy: change thought processes that result in
overeating
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 9.11
Copyright
Copyright 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. All
rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this
copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, recording or by any information storage
and retrieval system, without written permission of the
copyright owner.
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e