Transcript The Learning Approach: Classical Conditioning

The Learning Theories:
Classical Conditioning
Aims:
•Theories.
To understand what is meant by the Learning
•Conditioning.
To understand the main features of Classical
Is behaviour learnt (nurture) or
genetic (nature)?
NATURE
NURTURE
Where do you stand?
Are some behaviours more nature
than nurture? Put them on the line
on slide two.
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Consider the following:
Obedience
Academic Intelligence
Musical talent
Artistic talent
Phobia of flying
Gambling Addiction
The Learning Theories (Behaviourism)
This theory proposes that behaviour is acquired by
learning experiences. Therefore, the Learning Theories
believes that all behaviours are learnt, not inherited.
1. Focus on Environment
2. Focus on Scientific Method
3. There are different types of learning
1. Learn through association.
2. Learn through reinforcement.
3. Learn through observation.
How Do We Learn?
How does a baby learn to talk?
How does a teenager learn to smoke?
How do students learn to behave in school?
Why does you mouth water when you smell salt and vinegar
crisps?
Types of Learning Theories: Classical
Conditioning (learning through
association), Operant Conditioning (learning
through consequence) and Social Learning
(learning through observation).
1.
You hand an essay in on time to avoid being told off. You
complete good work in your lessons and receive a purple slip.
2.
Your mouth waters when you bite into a lemon, and if you
associate the taste of lemon with the colour yellow, you will also
experience mouth watering when we just see the colour.
3.
Your parents brush their teeth before bed and you do the same.
Classical conditioning
Learning by association
That’s
a reflex
Dog hears
the lab
technician
What’s
going
on?
Classical Conditioning
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhqumfpxuzI
How does it work?
Before conditioning
Bell: Neutral stimulus (NS)
Food: unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Salivation: unconditioned Response (UCR)
During conditioning
Pairin
g
Bell: Neutral stimulus (NS)
Food: unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Salivation: unconditioned Response (UCR)
After conditioning
Bell: Conditioned stimulus (CS)
Salivation: Conditioned response (CR)
Work it out....
1.
A child is afraid of spiders. One day he is in a lift and notices a spider. Now he
is afraid of lifts.
2. A child sneezes when there are flowers about. She often visits her
grandmother’s house, where there are flowers. Even when there are no
flowers at her grandmother’s house, she still sneezes.
Unconditioned response (UCR)?
Unconditioned stimulus
(UCS)?
Neutral stimulus (NS)?
Conditioned stimulus (CS)?
Conditioned response(CR)?
3. EXT: Work out Jaws
More definitions: match up the
correct definitions
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Conditioned Relationship
a new stimulus we deliver the same
time we give the old stimulus (the bell)
Unconditioned Stimulus(UCS)
behaviour elicited by the Conditioned
Stimulus (salivation).
Unconditioned Response(UCR)
the new stimulus-response relationship
we created by associating a new stimulus
with an old response
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
a behaviour that is already elicited by a
stimulus (salivating).
Unconditioned Reflex
an existing stimulus-response
connection.
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
a thing which is not associated in the
unconditioned relationship (bell).
Conditioned Response (CR)
a thing that can already elicit a response
(food).
Homework
1. Read the section on Classical Conditioning.
2. Complete the following three slides.
Use your Text book to Define the
following terms, use the space
provided on the next slide:
• Extinction
• Spontaneous recovery
• Stimulus Generalisation
• Discrimination
Homework slide
one
Homework slide
two
Homework slide
three
Label each example with the appropriate keyword: Extinction,
Spontaneous Recovery, Discrimination and Generalisation
A baby has started sneezing when playing with a particular furry
rabbit, because the toy was originally the cat’s rabbit and the baby
sneezes when the cat is around. The baby now sneezes whenever it is
given a furry toy.
A man has a fear of entering a particular garden shed because a very
large spider once fell on his head when he walked into the shed. He is
fine with other garden sheds.
A cat who was conditioned to salivate when he heard a tin of cat food
being opened no longer salivates to the noise because the tin and tin
can opener are no longer presented together.
A cat who was conditioned to salivate when he heard a tin of cat food
being opened no longer salivates to the noise because the tin and tin
can opener are no longer presented together. However, a month later
the cat’s owner begins to pair them up again and resulting in the cat
beginning to salivate.