Transcript World Religions PPT

WORLD
RELIGIONS
Our Learning Goal:
I am able to describe
the foundations and
beliefs for the following
major world religions:
Hinduism, Buddhism,
Judaism, Christianity,
and Islam.
Why Study Religions?

Religion plays a key role in our world today.

Religion is a major component of the human
experience.

Knowledge of people’s religions helps us understand
culture, people, & communities

Studying religions diminishes prejudices & clears up
misconceptions.

Studying religions helps us grow in and develop our own
set of beliefs.
Religions of Study
 Hinduism
 Buddhism
 Judaism
 Christianity
 Islam
What will we learn?
 The
history of each religion
 Their
major beliefs
 Their
form of worship
 Their
sacred texts
 The
location of each
religion
What is Bias?
 With
your learning partners…..

Write a definition of the word ‘bias’ in your own
words.

I will call on pairs to discuss their answers.

Now write down it’s true definition. (I will give
this to you) How close were you and your
partner to its true definition?

Describe how people can be biased about
people that practice different religions.
Example
 Maybe
I think that all people who drive blue
cars are really bad drivers.

How is this biased?
 BIG

PICTURE QUESTION
How does bias relate to religions?
Hinduism
History & Establishment
 No

one person founded Hinduism
It developed slowly over a long period of time
out of centuries of older traditions
 Aryan
people migrated to India in the 2000
BC

They brought rituals to India with them, which
became part of Hinduism.
History & Establishment
 Hinduism
traces its roots to older traditions such
as Vedic beliefs and Brahmanism
 Modern-day
 Hinduism
Hinduism is very complex
refers to the philosophical and religious
traditions native to India
Caste System: A social system
determined by heredity.




Brahmins: Priests
Kshatriyas: Rulers & warriors
Vaisyas: Farmers, craftspeople, & traders
Sudras: Laborers & unskilled workers
Beliefs

Brahman is the divine force some Hindus believe is
greater than the other gods

There are many deities that are different faces of the
supreme force

Dharma is the law, obligation, & duty of Hindus

Karma is the belief that the good & evil done in a past
life determines the person’s next life

Reincarnation (Samsara) is the belief of a continuous
cycle or birth, death, & rebirth
Sacred Texts
 The
Vedic Texts are the sacred texts of
Hinduism.

They describe Aryan religious rituals

They contain secret rituals that only certain
people can perform

They also contain ‘reflections’ on the Vedas by
religious students & teachers.
Major Location
 Hinduism




is practiced throughout the world
India
Asia
North America
Europe
Important Vocabulary

Caste System: Class or group in Hindu society

Reincarnation: Belief that a person’s soul is reborn into a new
body after death

Hinduism: A religion that developed in India over many centuries

Vedas: Collection of ancient writings views as sacred by many
Hindus

Brahmanism: Ancient ritual traditions grown out of older Vedic
religious beliefs & helped lead to Hinduism

Dharma: Belief that a person has a duty or obligation to live an
honorable life

Karma: Belief that good or evil done in a past life will determine
a person’s next life
Buddhism
History & Establishment
 Siddhartha
Gautama began this movement.

He was born in India around 563 BC

He was a prince who felt something was missing in his
life

He was dissatisfied with Hinduism

Was determined to find answers about life

Spent years meditating & found enlightenment under
a tree & became Buddha

Traveled & taught people his ideas
Beliefs
 The
4 Noble Truths founded by Siddhartha.

Suffering & unhappiness are part of every human
life.

Suffering comes from our desires ‘to want.’

People can overcome these desires by reaching
Nirvana. Nirvana is the end of all suffering.

How can we end suffering? By following The
Eightfold Path.
Beliefs
 The
Eightfold Path

Right Thoughts

Right Intent

Right Speech

Right Actions

Right Livelihood

Right Effort

Right Mindfulness

Right Concentration
Sacred Texts

The Tripitaka is a collection of Buddhist teachings
recognized by Theravada Buddhists

Mahayana Sutras are Buddhist teachings
recognized by Mahayana Buddhists

Tibetan Book of the Dead describes the stages of
death from the Tibetan point of view
Major Location
 Buddhism
the world






is practiced in many areas around
India
China
All other parts of Asia
North America
Europe
Africa
Important Vocabulary
 Buddhism:
Religion based on the teachings of
Buddha that developed in India
 Nirvana:
In Buddhism, the end of all suffering; a
state of perfect peace
 Fasting:
Going without food for a period of time
 Meditation:
A deep continued thought that
focuses the mind on spiritual ideas
 Missionaries:
religion
Someone who works to spread
Judaism
History & Establishment
 Between
2000 & 1500 BC Hebrews appeared
in Southwest Asia.
 The
work of archaeologists and accounts
written by Hebrew scribes tell their history.
 These
accounts or writings have become the
Hebrew Bible.
Origins of Judaism
 The

Bible traces the Hebrews back to Abraham
God told Abraham to leave Mesopotamia and
move to Canaan
 Abraham’s
descendants moved to Egypt and
were called Hebrews.
 In
Egypt the Hebrews became the slaves of the
Pharaoh. (Egyptian king)
Origins of Judaism
 In
about1200 BC, God told Moses ‘Lead the
Hebrews out of Egypt.”

God sent the Ten Plagues of Egypt to help them
accomplish this.

The pharaoh freed the Hebrews.

Moses led the people out of Egypt. This is called
the Exodus.
 While
Moses was on a mountain
God gave him stone tablets to
write a code of laws

These are called the Ten Commandments
Sacred Texts
 The
ancient Jews recorded most of their laws
into five books called the Torah.
 The
Hebrew Bible contains 11 books of
poetry, songs, stories, lessons, and history.
 The
Talmud is a set of
commentaries and lessons
for everyday life.
Major Location
 Judaism
is practiced in many areas around
the world





Israel
North America
South America
Europe
Asia
Important Vocabulary
 Judaism:
Religion of the Hebrews practiced by
Jews today
 Exodus:
Journey in which Moses led his people
out of Egypt
 Monotheism:
The belief in only one God
 Torah:
Most sacred text of Judaism
 Rabbi:
A Jewish religious leader and teacher
Christianity
History & Establishment
 According
to the Bible Jesus was born in
Bethlehem at the end of the first century BC
 Jesus’s

mother Mary was married to Joseph
Christians believe that God is Jesus’s Father
 Jesus
began to travel and teach the word of God
known as the New Testament
Origins
 Jesus


of Nazareth
Jews predicted a leader would be born.
Many believed Jesus was this Messiah. A
messiah is someone who is a leader or savior of
a particular group of people.
 Jesus’s
life and teachings formed the basis of
Christianity.
History & Establishment
 Jesus
drew many followers and challenged the
authority leaders.
 Jesus
was arrested around 30 A.D. and crucified.
 Christians
believe Jesus returned
from the dead in the ‘Resurrection.’
 After
his resurrection, he spent 40 days with his
disciples, and then rose up into
heaven.
Beliefs
 Christians
believe in justice and righteousness

God considers all people equal

Caring for less fortunate is important

They’re expected to follow the moral laws called
the Ten Commandments.
Beliefs
 Christians
believe in one god. Therefore, they are
monotheists.
 Jesus
is the son of God

Jesus performed miracles

Jesus rose from the dead
 Ten
Commandments
Sacred Texts
 The
teachings of Jesus Christ were
recorded in the Holy Bible.
Major Location
 Christianity
is practiced in many areas
around the world

Predominantly in the Western World
Important Vocabulary
 Messiah:
A leader or savior of a particular
group of people.
 Christianity:
A religion based on the teachings
of Jesus
 Bible:
The holy book of Christianity
 Resurrection:
 Disciples:
Jesus’s rise from the dead
The followers of a leader
Islam
History & Establishment

Islam is based on the teachings of Muhammad

Muhammad was born in Mecca around 570 A.D.
(Mecca is in western Saudi Arabia, almost on the
Red Sea)

He became unhappy because the
wealthy were not helping the poor.

He meditated in a local cave to try to find some
answers.
History & Establishment
 While
meditating in the cave, the angel Gabriel
appeared to him. Muslims believe god revealed
his teachings through this angel.
 Muhammad
became a prophet. (A prophet is
someone who carries the teachings of god and
speaks for god.)
 Muhammad
began teaching others about the
messages he heard. These messages are the basis
of Islam.
Beliefs


Islam teaches there is one god, therefore they are
monotheists like Christians and Jews. Muslims call their
god ‘Allah.’
Muslims show their devotion to Allah by performing
acts of worship known as The 5 Pillars of Islam:





This first pillar of Islam is a statement of faith
The second pillar of Islam is daily prayer (Muslims pray 5
times daily and must face Mecca when they pray.)
The third pillar of Islam is a yearly donation to charity.
The fourth pillar of Islam is fasting.
The fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca.
Sacred Texts
 During
Muhammad’s life his followers
memorized his messages, words, and deeds.
 After
his death, they collected his writings
and wrote them down in the form of a book.
 This
book is the Islamic sacred text called the
Quran.
Major Location
 Islam
world





is practiced in many areas around the
Middle East
Africa
Asia
North America
Virtually everywhere!
 There
are over 1 billion followers of Islam
Important Vocabulary
 Mecca:
 Islam:
The most sacred city of Islam.
A religion based on the messages that
Muhammad is believed to have received
from God.
 Muslim:
 Quran:
A follower of Islam
The holy book of Islam
 mosque:
 Allah:
A building for Muslim prayer
God of Islam